{"title":"Near Eastern \u0026 Holy Land Art","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eExplore our exquisite selection of genuine Near Eastern and Holy Land antiquities. From the earliest Harappan culture pottery to delicate terracotta oil lamps from the Levant, each piece offers a unique glimpse into ancient civilizations. Discover our curated collection of Luristan and Bactrian bronzes, each artifact reflecting a rich history and craftsmanship. We guarantee the authenticity of every object, backed by years of expertise and consultation with leading specialists. All items are sourced from esteemed European collections and predate the 1960s, ensuring both historical significance and quality.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"indus-valley-harappan-terracotta-pitcher","title":"Early Harappan Terracotta Pitcher","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Early Harappan civilization, \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003ec. 3200-2600BC, Sindh, Pakistan.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA superb example of early craftsmanship from the Early Harappan period, this ancient terracotta pitcher showcases the sophistication and artistic ingenuity of one of the world's first urban civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vessel features a sloped shoulder, a tall tubular neck, and an annular rim, with a thick loop handle on one shoulder (the other now missing). Its surface is adorned with intricate black-painted geometric designs, characteristic of Early Harappan pottery, emphasizing the culture's aesthetic focus and technical expertise. Such designs often held symbolic or ritualistic significance, reflecting the complex social and spiritual lives of the Harappan people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Early Harappan civilization (c. 3200–2600 BC) laid the foundations for the later urbanized Indus Valley culture. This period saw the spread of settlements across the northwestern plains of South Asia, including regions in present-day Sindh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. The distinctive pottery styles of the Early Harappan cultures—such as Amri-Nal, Kot Diji, Damb Sadat, and Sothi-Siswal—highlight regional variations within this interconnected civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVessels like this one were integral to daily and ceremonial life, used for storage, transport, and rituals. This piece is not only an artifact of practical utility but also a testament to the artistic achievements of the Harappan people. A rare and remarkable artifact, this terracotta pitcher connects us to the early days of one of the world’s greatest Bronze Age cultures, making it an extraordinary addition for collectors and enthusiasts of ancient history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate condition. Age-related wear with nicks and scratches on surface. Chip from the rim. Repairs. Rich deposits on interior and exterior. Size approx. 13,2cm x 11,5cm x 11,0cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan Civilization, Tarini Carr, Archaeology Online.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndus Civilization, R.K. Pruthi, Discovery Publishing House, 2004, s. 157.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44221733110025,"sku":"1067927","price":285.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_4cb5fbf5-5856-41a5-a8a7-00157823fa60.jpg?v=1677507930"},{"product_id":"early-harappan-terracotta-seal","title":"Early Harappan Terracotta Stamp Seal","description":"\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Early Harappan civilization, \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003ec. 3200-2600BC, Sindh, Pakistan.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA stunning and exceedingly rare artifact from the Early Harappan period, this circular terracotta stamp seal reflects the artistic ingenuity and symbolic expression of one of the world’s earliest civilizations. The seal is meticulously engraved with intricate geometric designs and abstract symbols, hallmarks of Early Harappan craftsmanship. These motifs, rendered with remarkable precision, are emblematic of the culture’s sophisticated visual language and may have served as identifiers for trade, ownership, or ritual use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan civilization (3300–1900 BC), also known as the Indus Valley civilization, spanned over 1.25 million square kilometers, encompassing present-day Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Afghanistan. Known for its advanced urban planning, baked brick structures, and extensive drainage systems, it was one of the great Bronze Age civilizations alongside Egypt and Mesopotamia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Early Harappan period (3200–2600 BC) marked the formative phase of this civilization, with widespread settlements across the northwestern plains, including key regions such as Sindh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. Distinctive pottery styles and artifacts from this era, such as this seal, provide insight into the interconnected cultures of Amri-Nal, Kot Diji, Damb Sadat, and Sothi-Siswal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeals like this were central to Harappan society, likely used for administrative, ceremonial, or commercial purposes. Their designs often conveyed social, spiritual, or economic significance, reflecting the complexity of Harappan life. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exceptional terracotta stamp seal is a rare and invaluable connection to the ancient Harappan world, making it an extraordinary addition for collectors and admirers of early human history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear, abrasion and corrosion. Some chips to the rim and handle, otherwise intact. Rich deposits on exterior. Size approx. 7,2cm x 7,0cm x 6,3cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan Civilization, Tarini Carr, Archaeology Online.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndus Civilization, R.K. Pruthi, Discovery Publishing House, 2004, s. 157.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44221909729545,"sku":"1080460","price":325.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_06d630e8-12e0-40f2-800b-7d6211427b4d.jpg?v=1677510924"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-stone-oil-lamp","title":"Early Islamic Stone Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, c. 900–1200 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA superb and unusually weighty Early Islamic oil lamp, expertly hand-carved from stone, reflecting both the utilitarian purpose and artistic sensibility of the period. The lamp features a solid cylindrical body centered by a recessed fill hole, its surface embellished with radiating chiseled grooves that draw the eye outward in a sunburst-like pattern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA lengthy neck rises to a narrow wick spout, balanced by a stocky handle with a pierced aperture beneath a pronounced thumb rest, allowing for secure grip and ease of use. Across the surfaces of the body and neck, incised concentric lines form broad triangular and intersecting X-form motifs, lending the piece a strong geometric presence typical of Islamic decorative arts from Nishapur—a major cultural and artistic hub during the early medieval period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eStone oil lamps such as this are rare survivals, prized for their durability and craftsmanship, and offer a compelling glimpse into everyday domestic and devotional life in early Islamic Iran. A powerful and tactile object, it resonates with the material culture and architectural aesthetics of the era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Rich dark encrusted patina. Significant wear from handling and use. Size approx. 15,5cm x 5,5cm x 4,8cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44631186637065,"sku":"1100651","price":265.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_5676.jpg?v=1696320088"},{"product_id":"holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600–700 AD, Holy Land\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis stunning mold-made terracotta oil lamp is a masterpiece of ancient craftsmanship from the transitional period between the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Umayyad caliphate. Its pointed oval body, accentuated by a prominent conical handle, embodies the elegance and utility of early lamp designs. The top of the lamp features a large filling hole (discus) encircled by a pronounced rim, framed by additional ridges that extend seamlessly to the nozzle and wick hole. The reverse is minimalist, adorned only by a circular base ring forming a raised nine-spoked wheel motif. Oil lamps such as this were indispensable in antiquity, used in sacred spaces like temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques, as well as in everyday households. A wick made from plant fiber or linen fabric was placed in the oil reservoir, typically filled with castor or sesame oil, to provide illumination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHoly Land lamps often bore motifs reflecting religious or cultural themes, with their design evolving through various influences. This fine example likely originates from Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, a site where similar lamps have been recovered. Its design reflects the profound cultural changes brought by the Muslim conquest in the 7th century AD, marking a significant chapter in the region's history. A rare and exquisite artifact, this lamp is both a functional piece of ancient material culture and a profound symbol of the intersection of faith, art, and daily life in the Holy Land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Extremely well-preserved with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 9,0cm x 8,0cm x 4,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamp, The British Museum, Accession Number: OA+.13900 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_OA-13900)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44913633296649,"sku":"1081780","price":225.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7358.jpg?v=1704710965"},{"product_id":"holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-1","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emagnificent mold-made terracotta oil lamp\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a remarkable artifact from the transitional era of the Early Byzantine and Umayyad periods. The lamp showcases a rounded body and a prominent conical handle, embodying both functionality and symbolic artistry. The top of the lamp features a large filling hole (discus) bordered by a raised rim, complemented by an elegant raised eight-pointed star motif. This symbolic design reflects themes of beginnings, resurrection, and salvation, as the number eight has profound spiritual significance across cultures. For instance, it symbolizes renewal—marking the start of a new cycle after completion. In Jewish tradition, the eighth day signifies the covenant of circumcision, a sacred bond with God.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reverse of the lamp is unadorned except for a circular base ring that forms a raised eight-spoked wheel, adding balance and symmetry to the overall design. Earthenware oil lamps such as this were indispensable in antiquity, used not only in homes but also in places of worship, including temples, synagogues, mosques, and churches. A simple wick, crafted from plant fiber or linen, was placed in the reservoir and fueled with castor or sesame oil to provide light. Frequently adorned with religious or cultural motifs, these lamps served as both practical tools and carriers of spiritual or cultural significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exceptional lamp, likely originating from Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, represents the profound shifts in material culture introduced by the Muslim conquest in the 7th century AD. Widely used during the Umayyad period, it bridges the artistic and functional heritage of the Holy Land with its rich spiritual and cultural narratives. A beautiful and historically significant piece, this oil lamp offers a tangible connection to the artistry and traditions of ancient times.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Extremely well-preserved with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Small chip in the handle. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 8,0cm x 8,2cm x 4,2cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamp, The British Museum, Accession Number: OA+.13900 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_OA-13900)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44913866408201,"sku":"1075550","price":245.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7369.jpg?v=1704718816"},{"product_id":"copy-of-holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis fabulous mold-made terracotta oil lamp is an exquisite example of ancient craftsmanship, reflecting the artistic and cultural influences of the Early Byzantine and Umayyad periods. Its pointed oval body and prominent conical handle combine elegance with utility, making it a quintessential piece of the era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe top of the lamp features a large filling hole (discus) framed by a pronounced rim and adorned with a delicate palm branch motif—a symbol of peace and prosperity in many ancient traditions. Vertical ribbing embellishes the shoulders, while a channel encircles the fill hole, adding texture and depth to the design. The reverse is intricately decorated with raised palm branch and cross motifs, further emphasizing the lamp’s religious and cultural significance. Its circular base ring incorporates a raised nine-spoked wheel, completing the design with symmetry and purpose.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTerracotta oil lamps like this were essential in both domestic and sacred settings, used in temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques. They provided illumination using a plant-fiber or linen wick set in a reservoir of castor or sesame oil. Frequently decorated with symbolic motifs, these lamps served as both functional objects and conveyors of spiritual meaning. This particular lamp, likely originating from Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, reflects the profound shifts in material culture that accompanied the Muslim conquest of the region in the 7th century AD. Widely used throughout the Umayyad period, its design speaks to the blending of artistic traditions and the enduring legacy of the Holy Land’s diverse communities. A remarkable artifact, this lamp offers a glimpse into the daily life, artistry, and spiritual expressions of ancient civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear with light deposits. Chip and abrasion around the wick hole. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 9,0cm x 7,9cm x 4,6cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamp, The British Museum, Accession Number: OA+.13900 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_OA-13900)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44914012422409,"sku":"1033923","price":245.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7371.jpg?v=1704724281"},{"product_id":"holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-2","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis fascinating mold-made terracotta oil lamp exemplifies the intricate artistry of the Early Islamic period. Featuring a pointed oval body, tapered shoulders, and a small conical handle, the lamp is coated with a red slip that enhances its elegant form. The top displays geometric patterns arranged in concentric circles around the filling hole (discus) in a style characteristic of the “horror vacui” aesthetic, where every space is filled with intricate detail. On the reverse, the maker’s mark is impressed, depicting a striking double palm frond motif.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSmall terracotta oil lamps like this were indispensable in antiquity, used in sacred spaces such as temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques, as well as in everyday households. A simple wick, typically made of plant fiber or linen, was placed in the reservoir and fueled with castor or sesame oil to produce light. The decorative motifs on these lamps often carried religious or cultural significance, connecting the functional object to broader spiritual and artistic traditions. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis particular style of lamp has been predominantly recovered from sites like Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho. Emerging at the beginning of the 7th century AD, they became widespread during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), reflecting the significant cultural and material transformations brought about by the Muslim conquest of the region. An exceptional artifact, this lamp provides a vivid link to the daily life, craftsmanship, and evolving cultural identity of the Holy Land during this pivotal historical period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear and signs of use. Chip and abrasion with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 9,3cm x 5,8cm x 3,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44916023525641,"sku":"1055148","price":195.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7385.jpg?v=1704796200"},{"product_id":"copy-of-holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-2","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 400-500AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis superb mold-made terracotta oil lamp is a striking example of ancient artistry and utility. Its ovoid shape features a sharply carinated body with an angled ridge encircling both the wick and filling holes, emphasizing its refined design. A border of vertical lines and raised dots adds texture and visual interest around the filling hole, while the large triangular handle is adorned with a high-relief depiction of a stylized male head, showcasing exceptional craftsmanship. The flat base, complete with a slightly raised ring foot, ensures stability. Residual soot near the wick hole offers a tangible connection to its functional use in antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSmall terracotta oil lamps like this were indispensable in ancient daily life and rituals. They illuminated homes, temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques using a simple wick made from plant fiber or linen and fueled with castor or sesame oil. Frequently decorated with symbolic and religious motifs, these lamps bridged practicality and spiritual significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis type of lamp, often recovered from sites such as Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, reflects the rich cultural narrative of the Holy Land. Though their prominence peaked during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), this example’s design, dating to the Early Byzantine period, highlights the evolving material culture that would later shape the region’s artistic and functional heritage. An exceptional artifact, this lamp not only serves as a testament to the craftsmanship of its era but also offers an intimate glimpse into the lives and traditions of those who created and used it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear and heavy abrasion. Rich earthen deposits. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 10,8cm x 5,6cm x 5,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44916055179529,"sku":"1007532","price":245.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7399.jpg?v=1704796923"},{"product_id":"holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-3","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis fabulous mold-made terracotta oil lamp is a stunning example of ancient artistry and spiritual symbolism. Featuring a round body and a prominent conical handle, the lamp’s top showcases a large filling hole (discus) encircled by a raised rim. At its center lies a beautifully stylized eight-pointed star motif, bordered by a ring of crosses and raised dots. The eight-pointed star holds profound symbolic meaning, often representing new beginnings, resurrection, and salvation. It reflects the idea that the number seven signifies completion, while eight marks renewal—a concept echoed in traditions like the Jewish covenant of circumcision performed on the eighth day of life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the reverse remains unadorned, the lamp’s design emphasizes both functionality and symbolic expression. Terracotta oil lamps such as this were indispensable in antiquity, used in sacred and domestic settings alike. A wick crafted from plant fiber or linen was placed in a reservoir filled with castor or sesame oil to provide illumination. The intricate decorations often carried religious or cultural significance, blending utility with artistic and spiritual expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamps of this type have been extensively recovered from sites like Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho. Emerging at the beginning of the 7th century AD, they became widespread during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), reflecting the cultural transformations brought about by the Muslim conquest of the region. This exquisite artifact bridges history, craftsmanship, and spirituality, offering a tangible connection to the life and culture of the Holy Land during a pivotal era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Extremely well-preserved with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 7,8cm x 7,6cm x 4,4cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44916637171977,"sku":"1044097","price":225.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7417.jpg?v=1704810092"},{"product_id":"copy-of-holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-3","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-800AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis gorgeous mold-made terracotta oil lamp exemplifies the craftsmanship and symbolic artistry of the Early Byzantine and Umayyad periods. Its pointed oval body features an angled shoulder adorned with delicate laurel-wreath designs, a motif symbolizing victory and eternity. A small, practical handle adds balance and functionality to the design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the top, the large filling hole (discus) is bordered by a pronounced rim, encircled by additional ridges that extend onto the nozzle and wick hole. These ridges are beautifully decorated with a linear and dotted relief pattern, possibly representing a palm branch, which carries cultural and spiritual significance. The lamp rests on a convex base with a slightly raised ring foot, ensuring stability. Residual soot near the wick hole offers a poignant reminder of its practical use in antiquity. Terracotta oil lamps like this were indispensable in both sacred and domestic settings throughout the Holy Land. They were illuminated by a simple wick made from plant fiber or linen, placed in a reservoir filled with castor or sesame oil. The decorative elements often reflected religious or cultural themes, making these lamps both utilitarian and deeply symbolic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamples of this type have been extensively recovered from archaeological sites such as Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho. These lamps first appeared at the beginning of the 7th century AD and became widespread during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), reflecting the profound cultural and material changes brought by the Muslim conquest of the region. This exquisite artifact bridges utility and artistry, offering a captivating glimpse into the lives, traditions, and spiritual practices of ancient civilizations in the Holy Land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Age-related light wear. Rich earthen deposits. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 10,8cm x 5,6cm x 5,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar example see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamp, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 61.150.3 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/451652)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44916676985097,"sku":"1055092","price":265.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7424.jpg?v=1704810727"},{"product_id":"holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-4","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis magnificent mold-made terracotta oil lamp captures the artistic elegance and symbolic richness of the Early Islamic period. Its pointed oval body is complemented by a prominent conical handle, enhancing both its aesthetic appeal and functionality. At the top, a large filling hole (discus) is bordered by a pronounced rim, encircled by additional ridges that extend onto the nozzle, forming a straight channel around the wick hole. The shoulders are adorned with a symmetrical pattern of leaping animals—likely dogs, identifiable by their long tails and pointed muzzles—rendered in the intricate and densely detailed horror vacui style typical of the era. The reverse is unadorned except for a circular base ring featuring a raised eight-spoked wheel motif.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTerracotta oil lamps like this were vital household items and spiritual tools, illuminating spaces with light produced from a wick made of plant fiber or linen, fueled by castor or sesame oil. Frequently decorated with motifs of cultural or religious significance, these lamps blended practical utility with artistic expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamps of this type have been extensively recovered from sites like Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho. Emerging at the beginning of the 7th century AD, they became widespread during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), marking a period of significant cultural transformation following the Muslim conquest of the region. This exceptional artifact stands as a testament to the rich traditions of craftsmanship, spirituality, and daily life in the Holy Land during this pivotal historical era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Extremely well-preserved with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 8,8cm x 7,8cm x 4,6cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44916802584841,"sku":"1094118","price":265.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7427.jpg?v=1704813599"},{"product_id":"copy-of-holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-4","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-800AD, Holy Land\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis excellent mold-made terracotta oil lamp exemplifies the artistry and utility of ancient household items. Its small oval body features angled shoulders adorned with intricate laurel-wreath and vine-scroll motifs, symbolizing victory and abundance. The triangular handle adds a functional and balanced design element. At the top, a large filling hole (discus) with a pronounced rim is encircled by additional ridges that extend to the nozzle and wick hole. These ridges are further embellished with a linear and dotted relief pattern, possibly representing a palm branch—a motif rich with cultural and spiritual significance. The reverse is unadorned, maintaining a simple elegance, while the nozzle remains charred, bearing the marks of ancient use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTerracotta oil lamps like this were indispensable in antiquity, illuminating sacred and domestic spaces alike. A wick made of plant fiber or linen was placed in a reservoir filled with castor or sesame oil to produce light. These lamps often featured decorative elements that carried religious or cultural meaning, blending functionality with artistic and symbolic expression. Extensively recovered from sites like Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, these lamps emerged at the beginning of the 7th century AD. They became widespread during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), reflecting the profound cultural and material shifts brought about by the Muslim conquest of the region. This exceptional piece offers a tangible connection to the craftsmanship, daily life, and spiritual practices of the Holy Land during a transformative historical period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Age-related light wear. Minor chip in the wick-hole. Rich earthen deposits. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 8,7cm x 5,4cm x 2,5cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44916837515529,"sku":"1060065","price":245.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7433.jpg?v=1704814037"},{"product_id":"copy-of-holy-land-pottery-oil-lamp-5","title":"Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eUmayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600–800 AD, Holy Land\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis charming mold-made terracotta oil lamp is a good example of the functional yet artistically significant lighting devices used throughout the Holy Land in antiquity. Featuring a pointed oval body, a prominent conical handle, and a large central filling hole (discus) framed by a pronounced rim, this lamp embodies the transitional artistic styles of the Early Byzantine and Umayyad periods. Raised ridges extend onto the elongated nozzle, guiding the wick to its opening. The underside is left mostly unadorned, except for a circular base ring forming a raised cross motif, a subtle but significant religious symbol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eOil lamps such as this were essential household items and were also widely used in temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques. A wick made from plant fiber or linen fabric would have been placed inside the reservoir, which was typically filled with castor or sesame oil, providing an efficient source of illumination. Clay lamps from the Holy Land often bore decorative elements reflecting religious and cultural influences, making them invaluable artifacts for understanding daily life, faith, and artistic traditions of the time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eLamps of this type have been extensively recovered from Khirbet el-Mefjer, near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, and were widely produced and circulated beginning in the 7th century AD. They became particularly prevalent during the Umayyad Empire (661–750 AD), marking a significant shift in material culture following the Muslim conquest of the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA beautifully preserved and historically significant relic, this oil lamp is a testament to the enduring traditions of the Holy Land and its evolving artistic and cultural landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate condition. Age-related heavy wear. Cracks and fractures. Firing flaws. Repaired. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Fine patina. Size approx. 9,8cm x 7,7cm x 4,5cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44917093105929,"sku":"1035430","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_7442.jpg?v=1704818849"},{"product_id":"luristan-bronze-toggle-eyelet-pin","title":"Luristan Bronze Toggle Cloak Pin","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eAncient Near East, Luristan, c. 1200–800 BC, Northwestern Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis magnificent conical cast bronze toggle pin, featuring an integrated eyelet above the middle, is a remarkable artifact from the Early Iron Age of Luristan. Designed for securing garments, this pin exemplifies the advanced metalworking techniques that defined Luristan bronze craftsmanship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eLuristan bronzes—small cast objects ranging from ornaments and tools to weapons and ritual objects—have been unearthed in significant quantities in the Harsin, Khorramābād, and Alishtar valleys of the Zagros Mountains, within the Lorestān region of western Iran. The exact identity of the people who produced these sophisticated objects remains uncertain. Scholars debate whether they were created by the Cimmerians, a nomadic people originating from southern Russia, or the early Medes, an Indo-European group that inhabited the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eDating to between 1000 and 650 BC, Luristan bronzes stand as a testament to the artistic and metallurgical advancements of the time. This exceptional toggle pin, both functional and decorative, would have been a status symbol worn by elites, reflecting the craftsmanship and cultural expressions of the mysterious civilizations of the ancient Near East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate condition. Heavy wear consistent with age. Bends, surface scratches and corrosion. Losses near to the pin. Verdigris encrusted. Size approx. 13,1cm x 0,6cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBronzes of Luristan, Oscar White Muscarella, Encyclopedia Iranica, 1989 (https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/bronzes-of-luristan)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLuristan Bronze, Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2018 (https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/art\/Luristan-Bronze)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLuristan bronzes i, the Field Research, Bruno Overlaet, Encyclopedia Iranica, 2006 (https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/luristan-bronzes-i-the-field-research-)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44994846294281,"sku":"100100188","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8318.jpg?v=1706782570"},{"product_id":"luristan-bronze-toggle-cloak-pin","title":"Luristan Bronze Toggle Cloak Pin","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eAncient Near East, Luristan, c. 1200–800 BC, Northwestern Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis superb conical cast bronze toggle pin, featuring an integrated eyelet above the middle, is a remarkable artifact from the Early Iron Age of Luristan. Designed for securing garments, this pin exemplifies the advanced metalworking techniques that defined Luristan bronze craftsmanship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eLuristan bronzes—small cast objects ranging from ornaments and tools to weapons and ritual objects—have been unearthed in significant quantities in the Harsin, Khorramābād, and Alishtar valleys of the Zagros Mountains, within the Lorestān region of western Iran. The exact identity of the people who produced these sophisticated objects remains uncertain. Scholars debate whether they were created by the Cimmerians, a nomadic people originating from southern Russia, or the early Medes, an Indo-European group that inhabited the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eDating to between 1000 and 650 BC, Luristan bronzes stand as a testament to the artistic and metallurgical advancements of the time. This exceptional toggle pin, both functional and decorative, would have been a status symbol worn by elites, reflecting the craftsmanship and cultural expressions of the mysterious civilizations of the ancient Near East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Heavy wear consistent with age. Bends, surface scratches and corrosion. Losses near to the pin. Verdigris encrusted. Size approx. 15,1cm x 0,6cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBronzes of Luristan, Oscar White Muscarella, Encyclopedia Iranica, 1989 (https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/bronzes-of-luristan)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLuristan Bronze, Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2018 (https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/art\/Luristan-Bronze)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLuristan bronzes i, the Field Research, Bruno Overlaet, Encyclopedia Iranica, 2006 (https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/luristan-bronzes-i-the-field-research-)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44997689737481,"sku":"100100189","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8939.jpg?v=1706783611"},{"product_id":"bactrian-bronze-kohl-container-with-applicator","title":"Bactrian Bronze Kohl Container with Applicator","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, c. 2200–1700 BC, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis exceptional and rare Bactrian bronze kohl container, dating from approximately 2200–1700 BC, showcases the advanced metallurgical techniques of the Oxus Civilization. Crafted using the lost wax method, the elongated cylindrical vessel features two raised ribs and delicate incised designs along its slender body. The design is completed with a discoid rim and an accompanying slender applicator that fits neatly inside, highlighting both its aesthetic elegance and functional sophistication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), also known as the Oxus Civilization, flourished in Central Asia between 2250 and 1700 BC. Situated between the Oxus River and the Hindu Kush mountains, this culture was renowned for its monumental architecture, advanced irrigation systems, and refined craftsmanship in bronze, ceramics, and jewelry. The region's inhabitants were primarily agrarian, cultivating wheat and barley, while their extensive trade networks connected them to the civilizations of Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and beyond.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eKohl, for which this vessel was designed, has been used as an eye cosmetic since at least 3100 BC, particularly in Egypt and the surrounding regions. Made from stibnite or galena, it was applied for both aesthetic and medicinal purposes, believed to protect against eye infections and the sun’s glare. Kohl also held religious and cultural significance, with its use extending across ancient societies. In Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad recommended Ithmid (antimony-based kohl), believing it enhanced vision and promoted eyelash growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis finely crafted bronze container, with its intricate detailing and perfectly preserved applicator, is a remarkable testament to the sophistication of Bactrian artisans. It not only reflects the luxury and refinement of ancient cosmetic practices but also serves as a tangible link to the cultural and artistic achievements of one of Central Asia’s most enigmatic early civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Built up verdigris patina, rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 8,2cm x 1,5cm x 1,5cm and the applicator 13,5cm x 0,4cm. Sell as a set.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosmetic container, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 1983.535.37 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/326790)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosmetic-bottle, The British Museum, Accession Number: 1936,0613.130 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_1936-0613-130)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosmetic container, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 1983.535.38 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/326791)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMargus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck \u0026amp; Medien, January 1, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45016853217545,"sku":"1029109","price":425.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8384.jpg?v=1707223404"},{"product_id":"bactrian-bronze-kohl-container","title":"Bactrian Bronze Kohl or Cosmetic Container","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, c. 2200–1700 BC, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis magnificent and rare Bactrian bronze kohl or cosmetic container, dating from approximately 2200–1700 BC, exemplifies the refined craftsmanship of the Oxus Civilization. Cast using the lost wax technique, this small yet elegant vessel features a conical body, a low foot, a tall neck, and a gracefully splayed rim. Its form is both functional and aesthetically sophisticated, reflecting the high level of metallurgical expertise in the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), also known as the Oxus Civilization, thrived between 2250 and 1700 BC in what is now northern Afghanistan, southeastern Turkmenistan, and southern Uzbekistan. This Bronze Age society was known for its impressive material culture, including monumental architecture, finely crafted metalwork, and intricate jewelry made from semi-precious stones. The inhabitants were skilled in irrigation farming, cultivating wheat and barley, and engaged in long-distance trade, linking them with Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and beyond.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eKohl, the substance for which this vessel was likely intended, has been used since at least 3100 BC, particularly in Egypt, where noble women and queens applied it for both aesthetic and medicinal purposes. Made from stibnite or galena, kohl was believed to protect against eye ailments and shield the wearer from the sun's intense glare. It also held cultural and religious significance across many ancient civilizations. In Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad recommended Ithmid (antimony-based kohl), attributing it with benefits for vision and eyelash growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis exquisite bronze container is a remarkable testament to the sophistication of Bactrian artisans. It serves as a tangible connection to the rich traditions of personal adornment and self-care in the ancient world, embodying both the artistic and cultural legacy of one of Central Asia’s most enigmatic early civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Built up verdigris patina throughout, with rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 7,9cm x 3,7cm x 3,7cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosmetic container, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 1983.535.38 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/326791)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosmetic container, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 1982.445.9 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/326705)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosmetic container, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 1983.535.37 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/326790)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMargus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck \u0026amp; Medien, January 1, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45032363884809,"sku":"1056019","price":385.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8530.jpg?v=1707478008"},{"product_id":"bactrian-bronze-kohl-container-1","title":"Bactrian Bronze Kohl Container","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, c. 2200–1700 BC, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis extraordinary Bactrian bronze kohl container, dating to the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) period between 2200 and 1700 BC, exemplifies the sophisticated metalwork of this ancient Central Asian civilization. The vessel boasts an elongated ovoid body raised on three sculptural legs, each terminating in the finely cast front body of a ram, complete with gracefully curved horns. A tubular neck extends upward, culminating in a flat everted rim intricately adorned with incised decorative patterns, adding to the vessel’s striking elegance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe BMAC, also known as the Oxus Civilization, flourished in what is now northern Afghanistan, southeastern Turkmenistan, and southern Uzbekistan. This advanced Bronze Age society was distinguished by monumental architecture, exquisite craftsmanship in bronze and ceramics, and a thriving trade network. Its people were primarily agrarian, cultivating wheat and barley through advanced irrigation techniques while also producing exceptional works of art and metallurgy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eKohl, the cosmetic for which this vessel was crafted, has been used since at least Naqada III (c. 3100 BC) in Egypt and remained widely popular across the ancient world. Made from powdered stibnite or galena, kohl was not only an aesthetic enhancement but also believed to offer medicinal and protective benefits, shielding the eyes from infections and the glare of the sun. In Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad encouraged the use of kohl, particularly Ithmid (antimony), for its reputed benefits to eyesight and eyelash growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis remarkable bronze vessel stands as a testament to the artistic excellence and cultural refinement of the Bactrian civilization. Its zoomorphic elements, intricate detailing, and functional significance in beauty and health rituals reflect the deep intersection of artistry, daily life, and spiritual beliefs in the ancient world.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Engraved decorations on the body and the rim almost erased by wear. Small hole at the bottom. Built up verdigris patina, light earthen deposits. Size approx. 9,5cm x 5,5cm x 5,5cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar example see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eVessel, The British Museum, Accession Number: 1996,0323.1 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_1996-0323-1)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMargus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck \u0026amp; Medien, January 1, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45032941814025,"sku":"1056301","price":395.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8541.jpg?v=1707479299"},{"product_id":"bactrian-bronze-kohl-container-2","title":"Bactrian Bronze Kohl Container","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex or Bactria, c. 1700 BC to 800AD, Central Asia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis magnificent Bactrian bronze kohl container, dating from approximately 1700 BC to 800 AD, exemplifies the refined artistry and metallurgical expertise of ancient Central Asia. Its rounded body is richly adorned with incised patterns and three prominent semicircular arches sculpted in high relief. The vessel stands on three elegantly curved legs, each terminating in hoof-like feet and crowned with stylized horse head finials, a testament to the importance of equine symbolism in Bactrian culture. The design is completed by an octagonal-section neck and a flat everted rim, enhancing both its aesthetic appeal and practical function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), also known as the Oxus Civilization, flourished between 2250 and 1700 BC in what is now northern Afghanistan, southeastern Turkmenistan, and southern Uzbekistan. This sophisticated Bronze Age society was renowned for its monumental architecture, intricate metalwork, and extensive trade networks. The Bactrians were primarily agrarian, cultivating wheat and barley through advanced irrigation techniques while excelling in the production of fine bronzes, ceramics, and jewelry crafted from semiprecious stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eKohl, for which this vessel was intended, has been used as an eye cosmetic since at least the Naqada III period (c. 3100 BC) in Egypt and remained a beauty staple across the ancient world. Traditionally made from stibnite or galena, it was believed to have protective and medicinal properties, shielding the eyes from infections and the sun’s glare. In Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad endorsed the use of kohl, particularly Ithmid (antimony), for its reputed benefits to eyesight and eyelash growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exceptional bronze vessel, with its intricate detailing and symbolic equestrian motifs, stands as a remarkable relic of Bactrian civilization. It reflects not only the region’s artistic sophistication but also the deep cultural and spiritual significance of cosmetics and personal adornment in the ancient world.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Engraved decorations on the body and the rim almost erased by wear. Small hole at the side. Built up heavy encrusted patina, light earthen deposits. Size approx. 8,4cm x 7,0cm x 7,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMargus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck \u0026amp; Medien, January 1, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45033206481161,"sku":"1044073","price":375.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8547.jpg?v=1707482779"},{"product_id":"seljuk-bronze-double-wicked-oil-lamp","title":"Seljuk Bronze Double-Wicked Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Seljuk Empire, c. 1037–1194 AD, Khorāsān Province, Persia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA fabulous Islamic cast bronze oil lamp, this double-wicked masterpiece is a prime example of high medieval Turko-Persian craftsmanship from the Seljuk Empire. Likely originating from Khorāsān, this lamp is influenced by Byzantine prototypes, showcasing intricate artistry and practical design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe rounded, compressed body rests gracefully on a spreading trumpet foot, while two long spouts with spade-shaped mouths project from the front, enhancing its functionality and form. A finger ring is tucked under the wing-shaped handle, allowing for easy handling. On each side, small three-lobed palmette projecting lugs further embellish the lamp, highlighting the exquisite attention to detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe lamp features a circular hole in the center, once covered by a domed lid (now missing), while incised zig-zag bands and elegant geometric designs decorate the foot, underscoring the refined aesthetics of this piece.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis Seljuk bronze lamp represents a fascinating link to the Seljuk Empire, a vast and influential Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that spanned from Anatolia to the Hindu Kush at its peak. The empire played a crucial role in the First Crusade and later declined during the Second Crusade, before being succeeded by the Khwarazmian Dynasty in 1194 AD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional example of medieval Islamic art and engineering, this double-wicked oil lamp is an ideal addition to any collection of Islamic antiquities or medieval Middle Eastern artifacts, offering both historical and artistic value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Small hole in the spout. Engraved decorations on the body and the foot almost erased by wear. Built up verdigris patina, rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 8,4cm x 17,7cm x 8,8cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOil Lamp, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 38.40.133 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/449344)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLamp, The British Museum, Accession Number: 1956,0726.10 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_1956-0726-10)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeljuk Turks, History Maps. (https:\/\/history-maps.com\/story\/Seljuk-Turks)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeljuk Turks, New World Encyclopedia, April 21, 2023. (https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/p\/index.php title=Seljuk_Turks\u0026amp;oldid=1109731.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45033640526089,"sku":"1081003","price":285.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8551.jpg?v=1707488196"},{"product_id":"seljuk-bronze-double-wicked-oil-lamp-1","title":"Seljuk Pottery Spouted Pitcher","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eSeljuk Empire, c. 1037–1194 AD, Khorāsān Province, Persia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis exceptional Seljuk pottery spouted pitcher, dating from approximately 1037–1194 AD, is a rare and unusual example of high medieval Turko-Persian craftsmanship, likely originating from Khorāsān. Fashioned from unglazed terracotta, the vessel features a globular, compressed body resting on a splayed foot, a wide funnel-shaped neck, and a distinctive conical elongated spout projecting from the shoulder. A rounded handle, surmounted by a decorative knob, elegantly connects the shoulder to the rim. An intriguing feature of this piece is its delicately molded interior lid, seamlessly fused to the vessel with a small round opening, a testament to the skill of Seljuk potters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eFinely decorated in brownish-black geometric motifs, including intricate triangular designs, this pitcher exemplifies the mastery of Seljuk artisans in both wheel-throwing and molding techniques. During the early Seljuk period, molded ceramics were often left unglazed, emphasizing the purity of form and the aesthetic appeal of finely incised or painted designs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe Seljuk Empire, founded in 1037 by Tuğrul Beg and Chağribey Beg, was a powerful Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that flourished across a vast expanse from Anatolia and the Levant to Central Asia and the Persian Gulf. As one of the leading forces of medieval Islamic civilization, the Seljuks fostered an artistic golden age, with ceramic production reaching remarkable levels of sophistication. This elegant pitcher is a prime example of the period's ingenuity, where function and artistic refinement were seamlessly integrated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Small chip in the ring foot, otherwise intact, with fading to some finer features, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSize approx. 15,0cm x 20,5cm x 14,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: private collection from Germany\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeljuk Turks, History Maps. (https:\/\/history-maps.com\/story\/Seljuk-Turks)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeljuk Turks, New World Encyclopedia, April 21, 2023. (https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/p\/index.php title=Seljuk_Turks\u0026amp;oldid=1109731.) \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45053757718793,"sku":"1060381","price":950.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8638.jpg?v=1707989429"},{"product_id":"seljuk-pottery-oil-lamp","title":"Seljuk Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eSeljuk Empire, c. 1037 – 1194 AD, Persia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis exquisite Seljuk pottery oil lamp, dating from approximately 1037–1194 AD, showcases the refined craftsmanship of the Islamic world during the high medieval period. Crafted from unglazed pottery, the lamp features a globular compressed body resting on a low ring foot, a funnel-shaped neck with a slightly flaring rim, and an elegantly elongated closed spout with a narrow, spade-shaped wick mouth. A gracefully folded knob handle extends from the opposite side, allowing for ease of handling and balance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe Seljuk Empire, founded in 1037 by Tuğrul Beg and Chağribey Beg, was a powerful Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that dominated a vast territory from Western Anatolia and the Levant to Central Asia and the Persian Gulf. At its height, it played a pivotal role in shaping Islamic art, architecture, and culture, blending Turkic traditions with Persian influences. As the ruling dynasty that defended against and engaged with the Crusaders, the Seljuks left a profound legacy in the medieval Islamic world.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSeljuk pottery often reflected both utilitarian and artistic sensibilities, with unglazed ceramics such as this lamp designed for everyday use while still displaying a mastery of form and proportion. The elegant simplicity of this piece, with its well-balanced shape and refined details, exemplifies the Seljuk appreciation for both function and beauty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Intact. No repairs. Wear consistent with age and use. Charred spout with soot residue. Surface scratches and abrasion. Rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 13,5cm x 7,3cm x 6,3cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeljuk Turks, History Maps. (https:\/\/history-maps.com\/story\/Seljuk-Turks)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeljuk Turks, New World Encyclopedia, April 21, 2023. (https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/p\/index.php title=Seljuk_Turks\u0026amp;oldid=1109731.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45057485439241,"sku":"100100203","price":195.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8149.jpg?v=1707998399"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-pottery-oil-lamp","title":"Early Islamic Pottery Oil Lamp","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, c. 900–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA charming and well-preserved Early Islamic pottery oil lamp, notable for its elegant proportions and subtly incised decoration. The lamp features a compressed bulbous body resting on a slightly flattened base, rising to a tapered conical neck with a gently flared rim. A gracefully elongated, closed spout extends outward, balanced by a strap handle that connects the rim to the shoulder in a clean, functional arc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe body and spout are adorned with incised linear motifs, adding understated visual texture and hinting at the artistic restraint typical of utilitarian ceramics from the Islamic Golden Age. Such lamps were essential household items, providing light in homes and mosques alike, and often reflect the regional ceramic traditions and aesthetic sensibilities of medieval Persia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis modest yet elegant lamp speaks to the refinement of everyday objects in the Islamic world, where beauty and function were skillfully intertwined. A delicate and evocative piece, it offers a tangible link to the daily life and craftsmanship of medieval Persia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Repaired. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSize approx. 5,5cm x 5,5cm x 4,8cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45060329439497,"sku":"1056566","price":125.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8781.jpg?v=1708084669"},{"product_id":"afghani-silk-road-roman-glass-bottle","title":"Afghani Roman Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ec. 900–1100 AD, Afghanistan, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eFascinating and unusual small glass bottle made from repurposed Roman glass, likely used for storing perfumed oils, tinctures, or medicines. The surface—both exterior and interior—is beautifully calcified and enriched with mineral deposits accumulated over centuries. The bottle displays a stunning heavy iridescence, shifting elegantly from silver to olive green to seafoam hues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eOften referred to as Roman glass, bottles of this type are frequently discovered in Central Asia, along the historic Silk Road in regions once dominated by ancient cultures such as Sogdiana and Bactria. During this period, Roman glassware was traded into Afghanistan, prized for its superior manufacturing techniques and luminous beauty. Roman glassmaking reached exceptional refinement in the 1st century AD, rapidly producing a vast industry that exported vessels across the Mediterranean world, Scandinavia, and the Far East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAlthough the Roman Empire never reached Afghanistan, their craftsmanship and trade networks certainly did. Afghanistan itself became an important production center, benefitting from ideal sand deposits and access to copper. The natural “raw” color of this glass was aqua, with the addition of copper creating rarer blue tones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese small vessels often originated from ancient glass workshops, where imperfect pieces—discarded near factory sites—survived as archaeological remnants. Many fragments from these areas were reshaped in later periods into beads, while intact bottles such as this example, though weathered and sand-worn, remain evocative relics of a long-vanished glassmaking tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA beautiful survivor of Central Asian craftsmanship shaped by the legacy of Roman technology—its form, iridescence, and mineral encrustation make it an especially desirable specimen for collectors of ancient glass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eSize approx. 9,8cm x 5,0cm x 5,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45061104664841,"sku":"1002293","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8711.jpg?v=1708094333"},{"product_id":"afghani-roman-glass-bottle","title":"Afghani Roman Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ec. 900–1100 AD, Afghanistan, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eFascinating and unusual small glass bottle made from repurposed Roman glass, likely used for storing perfumed oils, tinctures, or medicines. The surface—both exterior and interior—is beautifully calcified and enriched with mineral deposits accumulated over centuries. The bottle displays a stunning heavy iridescence, shifting elegantly from silver to olive green to seafoam hues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eOften referred to as Roman glass, bottles of this type are frequently discovered in Central Asia, along the historic Silk Road in regions once dominated by ancient cultures such as Sogdiana and Bactria. During this period, Roman glassware was traded into Afghanistan, prized for its superior manufacturing techniques and luminous beauty. Roman glassmaking reached exceptional refinement in the 1st century AD, rapidly producing a vast industry that exported vessels across the Mediterranean world, Scandinavia, and the Far East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAlthough the Roman Empire never reached Afghanistan, their craftsmanship and trade networks certainly did. Afghanistan itself became an important production center, benefitting from ideal sand deposits and access to copper. The natural “raw” color of this glass was aqua, with the addition of copper creating rarer blue tones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese small vessels often originated from ancient glass workshops, where imperfect pieces—discarded near factory sites—survived as archaeological remnants. Many fragments from these areas were reshaped in later periods into beads, while intact bottles such as this example, though weathered and sand-worn, remain evocative relics of a long-vanished glassmaking tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA beautiful survivor of Central Asian craftsmanship shaped by the legacy of Roman technology—its form, iridescence, and mineral encrustation make it an especially desirable specimen for collectors of ancient glass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eSize approx. \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e7,2cm x 3,7cm x 3,7cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45061117477129,"sku":"1062101","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8771.jpg?v=1708094628"},{"product_id":"afghani-roman-glass-bottle-1","title":"Afghani Roman Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ec. 900–1100 AD, Afghanistan, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSuperb and unusual small glass bottle made from repurposed Roman glass, likely used for storing perfumed oils, tinctures, or medicines. The surface—both exterior and interior—is beautifully calcified and enriched with mineral deposits accumulated over centuries. The bottle displays a stunning heavy iridescence, shifting elegantly from silver to olive green to seafoam hues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eOften referred to as Roman glass, bottles of this type are frequently discovered in Central Asia, along the historic Silk Road in regions once dominated by ancient cultures such as Sogdiana and Bactria. During this period, Roman glassware was traded into Afghanistan, prized for its superior manufacturing techniques and luminous beauty. Roman glassmaking reached exceptional refinement in the 1st century AD, rapidly producing a vast industry that exported vessels across the Mediterranean world, Scandinavia, and the Far East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAlthough the Roman Empire never reached Afghanistan, their craftsmanship and trade networks certainly did. Afghanistan itself became an important production center, benefitting from ideal sand deposits and access to copper. The natural “raw” color of this glass was aqua, with the addition of copper creating rarer blue tones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese small vessels often originated from ancient glass workshops, where imperfect pieces—discarded near factory sites—survived as archaeological remnants. Many fragments from these areas were reshaped in later periods into beads, while intact bottles such as this example, though weathered and sand-worn, remain evocative relics of a long-vanished glassmaking tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA beautiful survivor of Central Asian craftsmanship shaped by the legacy of Roman technology—its form, iridescence, and mineral encrustation make it an especially desirable specimen for collectors of ancient glass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eSize approx. 6,8cm x 3,0cm x 3,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45061125013769,"sku":"1012830","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8776.jpg?v=1708094961"},{"product_id":"bactrian-bronze-kohl-applicator","title":"Bactrian Bronze Kohl Applicator","description":"\u003ch3\u003eBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, c. \u003cb\u003e2200–1700 \u003c\/b\u003eBC, Central Asia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis magnificent cast bronze kohl applicator and spatula, dating to the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) period, c. 2200–1700 BC, is an exquisite example of early craftsmanship from the Bronze Age civilization of Central Asia. Its characteristic form features one end tapering into a slender, slightly upturned spatula and the other thickening into a bulbous terminal, reflecting both functional design and aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe BMAC, also referred to as the Oxus Civilization, represents a sophisticated Bronze Age culture that thrived in the regions south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) in northern Afghanistan and the ancient satrapy of Margiana, corresponding to modern southeastern Turkmenistan and southern Uzbekistan. This civilization, dated to approximately 2250–1700 BC, was notable for its sedentary population, advanced irrigation agriculture of wheat and barley, monumental architecture, and highly developed material culture, including bronze tools, ceramics, and jewelry crafted from semi-precious stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKohl, a cosmetic and protective substance used for darkening the eyes, holds a deep historical and cultural significance. Originating as early as Naqada III in Egypt (c. 3100 BC), it was traditionally made using stibnite (antimonite) or galena (lead glance). Beyond its aesthetic function, kohl served as protection against eye ailments and was believed to shield the wearer from the sun's harsh rays. The use of kohl extended beyond its protective and cosmetic roles, acquiring religious and cultural importance in many regions. In Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad is said to have used Ithmid (antimony-based kohl) and encouraged its use, citing its benefits for vision and hair growth:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"One of the best kinds of kohl that you use is Ithmid; it brightens the vision and makes the hair (eyelashes) grow.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis elegant bronze tool, associated with such an ancient and enduring practice, not only reflects the BMAC's remarkable craftsmanship but also serves as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of early civilizations through shared practices and cultural traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Built up verdigris patina, rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 12,5cm x 0,5cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKohl-stick, The British Museum, Accession Number: 2007,6001.14271 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_2007-6001-14271)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKohl stick, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 12.181.260 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/576258)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLong Kohl Stick with Knife on One End, The Brooklyn Museum, Accession Number: 37.663E (https:\/\/www.brooklynmuseum.org\/opencollection\/objects\/117272)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMargus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck \u0026amp; Medien, January 1, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45063226818825,"sku":"100100204","price":125.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8895.jpg?v=1708173852"},{"product_id":"copy-of-bactrian-bronze-kohl-applicator","title":"Bactrian Bronze Kohl Applicator","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, c. 2200–1700 BC, Central Asia\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis magnificent cast bronze kohl applicator and spatula, dating to the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) period, c. 2200–1700 BC, is an exquisite example of early craftsmanship from the Bronze Age civilization of Central Asia. Its characteristic form features one end tapering into a slender, slightly upturned flat spatula and the other thickening into a bulbous terminal, reflecting both functional design and aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe BMAC, also referred to as the Oxus Civilization, represents a sophisticated Bronze Age culture that thrived in the regions south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) in northern Afghanistan and the ancient satrapy of Margiana, corresponding to modern southeastern Turkmenistan and southern Uzbekistan. This civilization, dated to approximately 2250–1700 BC, was notable for its sedentary population, advanced irrigation agriculture of wheat and barley, monumental architecture, and highly developed material culture, including bronze tools, ceramics, and jewelry crafted from semi-precious stones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eKohl, a cosmetic and protective substance used for darkening the eyes, holds a deep historical and cultural significance. Originating as early as Naqada III in Egypt (c. 3100 BC), it was traditionally made using stibnite (antimonite) or galena (lead glance). Beyond its aesthetic function, kohl served as protection against eye ailments and was believed to shield the wearer from the sun's harsh rays. The use of kohl extended beyond its protective and cosmetic roles, acquiring religious and cultural importance in many regions. In Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad is said to have used Ithmid (antimony-based kohl) and encouraged its use, citing its benefits for vision and hair growth:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\"One of the best kinds of kohl that you use is Ithmid; it brightens the vision and makes the hair (eyelashes) grow.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis elegant bronze tool, associated with such an ancient and enduring practice, not only reflects the BMAC's remarkable craftsmanship but also serves as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of early civilizations through shared practices and cultural traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and corrosion due oxidation. Built up verdigris patina, rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 14,5cm x 0,4cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKohl-stick, The British Museum, Accession Number: 2007,6001.14271 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_2007-6001-14271)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKohl stick, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 12.181.260 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/576258)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLong Kohl Stick with Knife on One End, The Brooklyn Museum, Accession Number: 37.663E (https:\/\/www.brooklynmuseum.org\/opencollection\/objects\/117272)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMargus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck \u0026amp; Medien, January 1, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45063407730953,"sku":"100100205","price":145.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8898.jpg?v=1708174378"},{"product_id":"neo-assyrian-hardstone-stamp-seal-with-snake-motif","title":"Middle or Neo-Assyrian Hardstone Stamp Seal with Snake Motif","description":"\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Middle Assyrian Empire or early Neo-Assyrian Empire, c. 1300-900 BC, Ancient Near East.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exceptional, finely engraved Assyrian stamp seal is made from reddish-brown polished hardstone, shaped in a domed form. The flat side of the seal is intricately carved with an S-shaped serpent motif, composed of delicate geometric lines. This stunning seal is horizontally perforated for suspension, indicating it may have been worn as an ornament, in addition to its functional role as a signet. Such seals were highly personal items, often used to authenticate and secure documents, ensuring their owner’s authority and marking them with a symbolic or ritualistic significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Middle Assyrian Empire (c. 1363-912 BC) marks a pivotal era in Assyrian history, beginning with the rise of Ashur-uballit I and the establishment of Assyria as a territorial kingdom. This period set the stage for the later expansion of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which reached its zenith under rulers such as Adad Nirari II (912-891 BC), extending the empire's reach across much of Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Levant, Egypt, and parts of Persia and Arabia. The Neo-Assyrians were known for their formidable military, technological innovations, and highly structured governance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Assyrian empire thrived, controlling vast territories, but struggled to maintain dominance over Babylonia, a conflict that would contribute to the empire’s eventual collapse in the 7th century BC. Despite this, the legacy of Assyria, with its advanced systems of warfare, governance, and culture, profoundly influenced the ancient Near East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis beautifully carved seal represents the intricate artistry of Assyrian craftsmanship and serves as a fascinating artifact of personal identity and power within the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods. Excellent condition. Intact. Age-related smooth wear. Mineral deposits. Size approx. 1,5cm x 1,3cm x 1,3cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Ex SM collection London, England, acquired in 1970's.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelves Engraved on Stone: Seals and Identity in the Ancient Near East, ca. 1415–1050, Serdar Yalçın, BCE Series: Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, Volume: 129, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2022. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004524569_002)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNeo-Assyrian Empire, Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia. Last modified June 30, 2014. (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Neo-Assyrian_Empire\/.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach, Bleda S. Düring, Cambridge University Press, 30 Jan 2020.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNeo-Assyrian History, ArcGIS StoryMaps, 14 May 2020. (https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/1fa60557e9244a18b924809f862cc183)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssyria, 1365–609 B.C., Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. Originally published October 2004, last revised April 2010. (http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/assy\/hd_assy.htm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45065652764937,"sku":"100100206","price":295.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_8866.jpg?v=1708251595"},{"product_id":"early-harappan-terracotta","title":"Harappan Polychrome Terracotta Bowl with Fish Motif","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exquisite terracotta bowl from the height of the Harappan period, radiating the sophistication and symbolic depth of one of the ancient world’s most advanced urban cultures. This finely crafted vessel features a bulbous body resting on a flat, rounded foot, with a gently tapering neck and a flaring rim, all rendered in beautifully balanced proportions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe exterior is embellished with a meticulously painted polychrome register, featuring two stylized fish alternating with panels of vertical linear motifs and geometric forms, executed in light brown pigment atop a cream-toned slip. The vibrant designs remain remarkably vivid, a testament to the Harappan mastery of ceramic pigments and brushwork. The interior is left intentionally undecorated, allowing the decorated exterior to speak for itself in terms of form, balance, and function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eFish motifs are a recurring symbolic element in Harappan iconography, possibly reflecting themes of fertility, abundance, and the life-giving force of water—essential to both agriculture and spiritual belief in the Indus Valley. While the exact ritual or utilitarian use of this bowl remains open to interpretation, its refined decoration and form suggest it was an object of meaningful value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Harappan civilization (c. 3300–1900 BC), spanning across present-day Pakistan, northwest India, and Afghanistan, was noted for its urban planning, advanced infrastructure, and artistic expression through ceramics, seals, and sculpture. This rare and expressive vessel not only showcases the technical prowess and aesthetic vision of its makers but also offers a profound glimpse into the cultural soul of the Indus Valley.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA superb and evocative artifact, ideal for collectors and connoisseurs of ancient art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Small chip in the rim. Age-related light wear, abrasion and corrosion. Intact. Rich deposits on exterior. Size approx. 9,0cm x 9,0cm x 6,5cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan Civilization, Tarini Carr, Archaeology Online.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndus Civilization, R.K. Pruthi, Discovery Publishing House, 2004, s. 157.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48769895465225,"sku":"100100346","price":325.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_2324.jpg?v=1732879436"},{"product_id":"holy-land-terracotta-polychromic-bowl","title":"Holy Land Terracotta Polychromic Bowl","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e \u003cspan\u003eLate Bronze Age, \u003c\/span\u003ec. 1500–1000 BC, \u003cspan\u003eLevant, Holy Land\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis delicate terracotta bowl from the Late Bronze Age captures the artistry and craftsmanship of the ancient Levant. Sculpted with precision, the bowl features a gently tapering body with sloping sides rising elegantly from a small ring base. The design incorporates a subtly carinated shoulder that transitions into a wide mouth with a sharply incurving rim.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrafted from buff clay, the surface is adorned with a red-brown slip. A dark brown hue extends over the interior and rim, while the lower part of the exterior displays traces of red coloration, unevenly applied and now softened with time. Adding to its charm, a horizontal black pigment band encircles the top of the bowl, a testament to the polychromatic decoration techniques of the period. This artifact offers a tangible connection to the culture and daily life of the ancient Holy Land, embodying both functional utility and aesthetic elegance. A remarkable piece for collectors of antiquities or enthusiasts of ancient art and history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery good condition, the original pigments remain largely visible to the surface, minor chips around the rim. Encrusted rich patina. Size approx. 13,9cm x 14,0cm x 6,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48920867176713,"sku":"100100358","price":395.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_2483.jpg?v=1735732088"},{"product_id":"ancient-islamic-glass-alembic","title":"Early Islamic Glass Alembic","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, c. 800 to 1100 AD, North-East Iran \u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exceptional and exceedingly rare glass vessel, dated to c. 800–1100 AD from Nishapur, Iran, is a remarkable example of an alembic, also referred to as a funneled cup or cupping glass. Composed of translucent dark green glass, the vessel features a deep-hemispheric body with a rolled rim and an elongated stem handle. Its design, though understudied, exemplifies the ingenuity of Islamic artisans and scholars during a period of scientific and cultural flourishing. The term \"alembic\" derives from the Arabic \u003ci\u003eal-anbiq\u003c\/i\u003e (to still) and the Greek \u003ci\u003eambix\u003c\/i\u003e (cup), emphasizing its potential role in distillation processes. Historical evidence and scholarly analysis suggest multiple functions for such vessels, including medical, chemical, and feeding applications.In medical contexts, alembics might have been used for cupping therapy, as described in \u003ci\u003eAl-Tasrif\u003c\/i\u003e, a seminal Arabic medical text by Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936–1030). Cupping vessels were employed to create suction on a patient’s skin, a therapeutic practice believed to alleviate various ailments.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAdditionally, these vessels may have served to administer precise doses of medicine or food, especially to infants. In alchemical and chemical processes, alembics were integral to the distillation of liquids, such as perfumes, medicinal extracts, or alchemical preparations. The sophistication of Islamic chemistry between 900 and 1200 AD is well-documented, with numerous Arabic contributions influencing modern science. Terms like \u003ci\u003ealkali\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003enitre\u003c\/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003ealembic\u003c\/i\u003e are lasting legacies of this golden age of discovery. Archaeological finds, including numerous examples from Nishapur, highlight the dual functional categorization of these objects: straight-spouted vessels as alembics for distillation and curved-spouted vessels as cupping glasses for medical treatment.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProduction of these versatile tools ceased after the twelfth century, marking the end of an era in both Islamic glassmaking and the broader scientific practices they supported.This alembic, with its graceful form and historical significance, is not only a testament to the innovative spirit of early Islamic civilization but also a rare surviving artifact of its multifaceted contributions to science, medicine, and art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Age-related light wear and signs of use. Nipped solid pontil (or punt) mark on the bottom. Earth deposits on interior. Size approx. 5,3cm x 9,1cm x 4,9cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: According to information, from the collection of Sven Malmberg. Mr. Malmberg acquired and brought the objects to Sweden when he was second secretary at the Embassy of Sweden in Tehran 1979-1982\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eFor a similar example see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003ePhysician's Cupping Glass or Alembic, Accession Number: 40.170.132\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e(https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/449825)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSearching for the Original Use of a Mysterious Glass Vessel, Barbara Venezia, Metropolitan Museum of Art) August 24, 2016. (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/blogs\/ruminations\/2016\/alembics\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/blogs\/ruminations\/2016\/alembics\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48954482360585,"sku":"100100362","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_2851.jpg?v=1736257705"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-miniature-glass-bottle","title":"Early Islamic Miniature Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, 900–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA magnificent example of early Islamic craftsmanship, this miniature bottle evokes the elegance of an ancient Roman candlestick unguentarium. Blown from bluish-green glass with a delicate golden iridescence, the vessel features a gently domed body resting on a flat base, transitioning seamlessly into a wide cylindrical neck that culminates in a flared, outward-folded rim. The base bears a pontil mark, a testament to its hand-blown construction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe city of Nishapur, in eastern Iran, was a vital cultural and economic hub during the medieval period, celebrated for its flourishing art, crafts, and trade. This bottle hails from a period when Islamic glassmaking in Iran reached a pinnacle of refinement and innovation. Miniature bottles of this kind have been discovered in abundance during excavations, reflecting their widespread utility and appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese vessels served a variety of everyday purposes for urban populations, such as containers for oils, perfumes, and other precious substances, as well as tableware, oil lamps, and even scientific and medicinal equipment. Originally, they would have been sealed with soft-material stoppers, now lost to time. This stunning glass bottle not only embodies the technical skill and artistic sensibility of early Islamic artisans but also offers a tangible link to the rich cultural and commercial life of medieval Nishapur.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Abrasion and wear commensurate with age and use. Encrustation and iridescent patina throughout. Size approx. 3,4cm x 3,3cm x 3,3cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eProvenance: According to information, from the collection of Sven Malmberg. Mr. Malmberg acquired and brought the objects to Sweden when he was second secretary at the Embassy of Sweden in Tehran 1979-1982\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eFor a similar example see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eMiniature Bottle, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 38.40.241 (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/449451\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/449451\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49052713222409,"sku":"100100374","price":295.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_2822.jpg?v=1737572006"},{"product_id":"early-harappan-terracotta-bowl-with-geometric-design","title":"Early Harappan Terracotta Bowl with Geometric Design","description":"\u003ch3\u003eThe Early Harappan Civilization, c. 3200–2600 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exquisite Early Harappan terracotta vessel exemplifies the refined artistry of the Indus Valley civilization. Wheel-thrown with meticulous precision, the bowl features a diminutive footed base, gently sloping walls, a spacious bowl cavity, and a slightly flared rim. Its thin composition is a testament to the technical skill of the potters of this era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe exterior is adorned with finely detailed horizontal linear bands and stepped geometric motifs painted in dark black pigment, each repeating harmoniously around the circumference of the bowl. A simple painted band encircles the interior rim, while the rest of the interior is left undecorated, emphasizing the balance between form and function. This understated yet elegant design suggests that the bowl was likely used as an eating or drinking vessel in its time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Early Harappan period (3200–2600 BC) marked the emergence of key cultural developments that would later define the mature Indus Valley civilization. This era witnessed the rise of settlements across Sindh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat, characterized by distinct pottery styles and artistic traditions associated with archaeological cultures such as Amri-Nal, Kot Diji, and Sothi-Siswal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Harappan civilization, spanning over 1.25 million square kilometers, is celebrated for its advanced urban planning, monumental baked brick architecture, and extensive drainage systems—hallmarks of a highly sophisticated Bronze Age society. This bowl offers a tangible connection to the daily life and cultural achievements of one of history’s most remarkable civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eGood condition. Small chips in the rim. Age-related light wear, abrasion and corrosion. Intact. Rich deposits on exterior. Size approx. 5,4cm x 9,5cm x 9,5cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Harappan Civilization, Tarini Carr, Archaeology Online.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIndus Civilization, R.K. Pruthi, Discovery Publishing House, 2004, s. 157.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49076760772873,"sku":"100100376","price":285.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_3017_4ada4401-4ee1-422a-b611-2a38893cd5fe.jpg?v=1737971047"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-miniature-glass-bottle-1","title":"Early Islamic Miniature Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, 900–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA rare and exquisite example of early Islamic glass artistry, this mould-blown miniature unguentarium showcases the sophistication of Nishapur’s glassmakers. Fashioned from grayish-yellow glass with mesmerizing silver iridization, this delicate vessel embodies both elegance and function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe six-sided faceted form features a slightly flared long neck, angular shoulder, and a flat base with a visible pontil mark—subtle details that highlight the craftsmanship of its era. The hexagonal opening and faceted neck add further refinement to its design, making it a remarkable piece of early Islamic glasswork. Though direct evidence of glass production in Nishapur remains elusive, the discovery of numerous glass vessels—particularly in the Sabz Pushan neighborhood—suggests a thriving industry. Miniature bottles like this, often sealed with soft material stoppers, were likely used to store precious oils, perfumes, or medicinal powders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eAn exceptionally well-preserved artifact, this bottle offers collectors and connoisseurs a tangible link to the artistic and cultural vibrancy of 10th–11th century Iran.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Light abrasion and wear commensurate with age and use. Encrustation and iridescent patina throughout. Size approx. 3,9cm x 2,5cm x 2,5cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eProvenance: According to information, from the collection of Sven Malmberg. Mr. Malmberg acquired and brought the objects to Sweden when he was second secretary at the Embassy of Sweden in Tehran 1979-1982\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eFor a similar example see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eBottle, The British Museum, Accession Number: OA+.8191 (https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/W_OA-8191)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49179818852617,"sku":"100100386","price":225.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_2795.jpg?v=1739446403"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-miniature-glass-bottle-2","title":"Early Islamic Miniature Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, 900–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA beautifully preserved mold-formed and blown glass bottle, this exquisite piece showcases the refined artistry of early Islamic glassmakers. Crafted from semi-translucent, pearl-hued glass, it possesses an ethereal beauty accentuated by silvery and cream-colored iridescence that has gracefully developed over centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe bottle features a flat base with a rough pontil scar, a circular body adorned with four pinched decorations, and a row of four raised trailed protrusions, adding both texture and elegance. The slightly indented shoulder transitions seamlessly into a cylindrical neck, culminating in a tall, rounded mouth—a delicate yet functional design characteristic of Nishapur’s glassmaking tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAlthough no direct evidence of glass production was found in Nishapur’s excavations, the abundance of utilitarian vessels, especially in the Sabz Pushan neighborhood, suggests a thriving industry. Miniature bottles like this were likely used to store precious perfumes, oils, or medicinal powders, originally sealed with soft material stoppers that have long since disappeared.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA remarkable artifact of 10th–11th century Iran, this rare vessel is a testament to the ingenuity and aesthetic sensibilities of early Islamic artisans. A stunning addition to any serious collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eModerate condition. Chip and nicks. Abrasion and wear commensurate with age and use. Encrustation and iridescent patina throughout. Size approx. 4,7cm x 3,7cm x 3,4cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: According to information, from the collection of Sven Malmberg. Mr. Malmberg acquired and brought the objects to Sweden when he was second secretary at the Embassy of Sweden in Tehran 1979-1982\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49180176023817,"sku":"100100387","price":175.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_2808.jpg?v=1739449456"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-miniature-glass-bottle-3","title":"Early Islamic Miniature Glass Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, 900–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exquisite early Islamic miniature glass bottle, dating from 900–1100 AD, is a remarkable example of the artistry and technical mastery of medieval Nishapur, a thriving cultural and economic center in North-East Iran. Blown from delicate bluish-green glass, it exhibits a brilliant iridescence that has developed over centuries. The vessel’s gently domed body rests on a rounded base, leading to a horizontal shoulder from which a wide cylindrical neck emerges, ending in a plain rim. A pontil mark on the base, a hallmark of traditional glassblowing, confirms its handcrafted origin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur was renowned for its refined glassmaking techniques, producing vessels that were both functional and elegant. This bottle, reminiscent of the Roman candlestick unguentarium, belongs to a period when Islamic artisans had perfected the craft, creating glassware that was traded and admired across the medieval world. Similar bottles have been unearthed in excavations, highlighting their widespread use in daily life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese vessels served a variety of practical purposes, acting as containers for precious oils, perfumes, and medicinal substances, as well as being used for tableware, oil lamps, and scientific instruments. Originally sealed with soft-material stoppers, now lost to time, they were essential items in households and commercial settings alike.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis stunning bottle is more than just a vessel; it is a tangible link to the rich artistic and commercial life of medieval Nishapur. A rare and elegant piece, it stands as a testament to the ingenuity and aesthetic sensibilities of early Islamic artisans, making it a prized addition to any collection of Islamic art, ancient glass, or historical artifacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Abrasion and wear commensurate with age and use. Encrustation and iridescent patina throughout. Size approx. 3,7cm x 3,8cm x 3,8cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: According to information, from the collection of Sven Malmberg. Mr. Malmberg acquired and brought the objects to Sweden when he was second secretary at the Embassy of Sweden in Tehran 1979-1982\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50195198771465,"sku":"100100396","price":395.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_3673.jpg?v=1741014267"},{"product_id":"canaanite-carinated-terracotta-bowl","title":"Canaanite Carinated Terracotta Bowl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eMiddle Bronze Age, c. 1900–1600 BC, Levant, Holy Land\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis finely sculpted off-white terracotta bowl exemplifies the advanced pottery techniques of the Canaanite civilization. Featuring a globular body, round bottom, and sharply carinated shoulder, it transitions into a flaring rim, suggesting its likely use as a drinking vessel for wine. The wide opening with a slightly everted lip, combined with the vessel’s thin walls and interior radiating horizontal lines, indicates a high level of craftsmanship, possibly representing an early example of wheel-made pottery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe term \"carination\" refers to the sharp curvature in pottery forms, a hallmark of Middle Bronze Age ceramics. With the advent of the potter’s wheel in the second millennium BC, Canaanite artisans developed sharper, more distinctive vessel shapes, distinguishing their work from the handmade pottery of the Early Bronze Age. This technological advancement allowed for greater uniformity and precision, making carinated designs a key feature in identifying Middle Bronze Age pottery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eMost Bronze Age terracotta bowls from the Holy Land were made for daily use, serving both practical and ceremonial purposes. These vessels have played a crucial role in establishing the chronology of the Near East, particularly in the Early Bronze Age, where their stylistic evolution helps archaeologists date settlements and cultural phases. Alongside this bowl, numerous other vessel types have been excavated from the region, each shedding light on the domestic, economic, and ritual practices of ancient Canaanite society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use, with chip and nicks. Light encrusted deposits. Size approx. 9,5cm x 11,2cm x 11.3cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54942081188105,"sku":"100100404","price":395.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_3759.jpg?v=1741692147"},{"product_id":"luristan-bronze-libation-bowl","title":"Luristan Bronze Libation Bowl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eAncient Near East, Luristan, c. 1200–800 BC, Northwestern Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exquisite, finely-crafted Luristan bronze libation bowl is a remarkable example of ancient Near Eastern metallurgy. Featuring a smooth, hemispherical form, it boasts a rounded yet stable base, a deep interior cavity, and a subtly indented rim, demonstrating the superior craftsmanship that set Luristan bronzes apart from their contemporaries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese ritual vessels were likely created for ceremonial use or burial interments, where they would have been filled with libations or funerary offerings to honor the deceased. The use of bronze not only ensured durability but also imparted an elegant, reflective sheen that enhanced the bowl’s visual appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eLibation bowls, known as phiale, were widely used across the ancient world—from Greece to Tibet, and throughout the Near East and Central Asia. These shallow bowls, designed to hold wine, water, or sacred oils, played a crucial role in religious rituals, offerings, and ceremonial practices. Crafted from various materials, including glass, ceramic, and metal, bronze examples like this one were particularly valued for their durability and prestige.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA magnificent relic of ancient craftsmanship, this Luristan bronze libation bowl is a tangible link to the sacred traditions and artistic mastery of early civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Intact. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age. The surface, inside and out, is covered by deep green and brown patination, and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 8,6cm x 8,7cm x 4,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBronzes of Luristan, Oscar White Muscarella, Encyclopedia Iranica, 1989 (https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/bronzes-of-luristan)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLuristan Bronze, Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2018 (https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/art\/Luristan-Bronze)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLuristan bronzes i, the Field Research, Bruno Overlaet, Encyclopedia Iranica, 2006 (https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/luristan-bronzes-i-the-field-research-)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55094980182281,"sku":"100100412","price":325.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4260_5d2cb1c8-12de-4626-8c73-dca163b21d9f.jpg?v=1743427944"},{"product_id":"early-harappan-terracotta-cup","title":"Early Harappan Terracotta Cup","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Early Harappan Civilization, c. 3200–2600 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis magnificent small-sized terracotta cup, skillfully molded with deep, slightly incurved sides, rests on a short ring foot, a hallmark of Indus Valley pottery. The vessel opens into a wide mouth with a slightly everted lip, while its exterior is elegantly adorned with horizontal bands, meticulously painted in dark brown slip using a firm brush.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Harappan Civilization (3300–1900 BC), also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most advanced Bronze Age cultures, spanning modern-day Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Afghanistan. Celebrated for its monumental baked brick architecture, extensive drainage systems, and intricate craftsmanship, this civilization was a flourishing center of trade, artistic innovation, and urban sophistication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis cup originates from the Early Harappan period (3200–2600 BC), a pivotal phase marked by expanding settlements and evolving artistic traditions in regions such as Sindh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. Key archaeological cultures, including Amri-Nal, Kot Diji, Damb Sadat, and Sothi-Siswal, contributed to the distinctive pottery styles and decorative motifs of the Indus Valley Civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA rare and significant artifact, this exquisite terracotta cup not only highlights the technical expertise and aesthetic sensibilities of Early Harappan artisans but also provides a tangible connection to the rituals, daily life, and cultural expressions of one of the world’s earliest and most sophisticated urban societies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration partly faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 8,0cm x 8,0cm x 6,5cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55104506462473,"sku":"100100414","price":265.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4293.jpg?v=1743504148"},{"product_id":"harappan-civilization-terracotta-tiger-figure","title":"Harappan Terracotta Tiger Figure","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis magnificent Harappan terracotta tiger figure, dating to the Mature Harappan period (c. 2600–2450 BC), is a rare and striking example of early South Asian ceramic artistry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eHand-built with remarkable skill, the small-sized figure features a rounded head, large perky ears, a pointed snout, a long tail, and four short, stubby legs. The surface is adorned with dark brown slip-painted stripes, meticulously applied to accentuate its powerful feline form. Additional painted stripes encircle the eyes, snout, and neck, enhancing its lifelike and expressive appearance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSimilar terracotta figurines have been unearthed at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, reflecting a shared artistic and symbolic tradition across the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). A distinctive feature of many Harappan animal figurines, including this one, is the fusion of front and back legs, a trait that suggests both aesthetic and functional intent. Some excavated examples from Chanu-daro reveal a hole in the belly, indicating they may have been mounted on sticks for use as puppets or ceremonial standards, as seen in Indus Valley seals. Other specimens feature holes on the back, hinting at possible musical or ritualistic applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest and most sophisticated urban cultures of the Bronze Age, flourishing from 3300–1300 BC across present-day Pakistan, northwest India, and Afghanistan. Renowned for its meticulously planned cities, advanced drainage and water supply systems, and remarkable craftsmanship, the civilization stood as a hub of commerce, technology, and artistic innovation. Major cities such as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa grew to populations between 30,000 and 60,000, while the broader civilization is estimated to have sustained between one to five million people at its peak.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exquisite terracotta tiger offers a fascinating glimpse into the artistic, cultural, and technological advancements of one of the world’s earliest civilizations. Whether used as a symbol of power, a ritual object, or a playful effigy, it remains a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of the Harappan people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration partly faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 10,0cm x 4,8cm x 5,1cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55128655495433,"sku":"100100415","price":325.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4284_72fb8dd7-e0eb-43b4-8fa6-116f533b93ba.jpg?v=1743703927"},{"product_id":"harappan-elongated-terracotta-cup-with-bird-motifs","title":"Harappan Elongated Terracotta Cup with Bird Motifs","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA magnificent hand-built terracotta cup from the Indus Valley Civilization, showcasing the refined aesthetic and symbolic artistry of one of the world’s earliest urban cultures. The vessel features a short ring foot—a hallmark of Harappan ceramics, with roots tracing back to the Nal culture—supporting an elongated body that tapers gently to a wide rim boldly accented with a thick brown band.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSet against a creamy slip, the surface is adorned with rich yellow, green, red, and brown pigments, forming a lively and sophisticated design. Most striking are the stylized chickens, rendered with striped bodies, clawed feet, and distinctly curved beaks—a rare and evocative decorative motif. These avian figures are flanked by abstract geometric and linear panels, providing visual rhythm and balance to the composition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis piece is a testament to the Harappans’ mastery of form and surface treatment, combining function with intricate symbolic language. Vessels like this likely held both domestic and ceremonial significance, revealing the culture’s deep connection to both nature and design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration partly faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Great remains of original pigment across exterior walls. Size approx. 10,3cm x 9,9cm x 10,9cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55149214531849,"sku":"100100416","price":245.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4349.jpg?v=1744025591"},{"product_id":"harappan-civilization-terracotta-jar-with-ibex-motif","title":"Harappan Terracotta Jar with Ibex Motif","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn absolutely stunning petite terracotta jar, hand-built during the height of the Indus Valley Civilization. This beautifully proportioned vessel features a low-bellied globular body, resting on a flat base, with elegantly tapering shoulders, a wide mouth, and a gently flared rim—a classic silhouette that balances both form and function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe surface is richly adorned with horizontal painted bands in black pigment, framing a captivating frieze of stylized ibex motifs, each rendered with flowing, rhythmic lines that speak to the artistic refinement of the Harappan potters. Below the animal register, a delicate scale motif encircles the lower body, adding visual texture and symbolic detail. The decoration is enclosed within three parallel lines, emphasizing the jar’s symmetry and order—a hallmark of Harappan aesthetic sensibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eVessels like this one were likely used for both domestic and ritual purposes, and the presence of animal imagery—particularly the ibex, often associated with fertility and vitality—suggests deeper symbolic meanings. This piece embodies the sophistication, symbolism, and serene beauty of one of the world’s earliest urban cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration partly faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 7,0cm x 7,8cm x 7,7cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55159460135177,"sku":"100100419","price":285.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4374.jpg?v=1744099789"},{"product_id":"early-harappan-terracotta-jar-with-geometric-motifs","title":"Early Harappan Terracotta Jar with Geometric Motifs","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Early Harappan Civilization, c. 3200–2600 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA magnificent petite spool-shaped terracotta jar, exemplary of early Indus Valley ceramic traditions. The vessel features a short cylindrical body, a narrow neck, and a slightly projecting rim, with the gently corseted walls adorned in striking horizontal painted bands rendered in deep black pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis type of fine-fired earthenware is believed to have originated from Mehrgarh, one of the oldest known Neolithic settlements in South Asia, located in Baluchistan. From Mehrgarh and neighboring centers, such pottery was widely traded across Baluchistan, extending as far as southeastern Iran and deep into the Indus Valley. Its presence at archaeological layers in Harappa dating to 2800–2600 BCE — and possibly earlier — attests to its broad circulation via trade and nomadic exchange networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe painted motifs include a mix of geometric patterns, stylized flora, and abstracted animal forms, characteristic of early Harappan symbolic language. While evocative of a sophisticated decorative tradition, these designs likely held ritual or cultural significance, possibly tied to identity, trade, or ceremonial use. Interestingly, this ceramic style ceased production around the onset of the Mature Harappan period (c. 2600 BCE), marking it as part of a transitional artistic phase and underscoring its importance as an early cultural artifact.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA rare and elegant example of proto-urban Indus Valley craftsmanship, this vessel captures a moment of aesthetic and cultural transformation at the dawn of South Asia’s first great civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Intact. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 7,0cm x 7,0cm x 5,9cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55159717953801,"sku":"100100421","price":285.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4386.jpg?v=1744103067"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-bone-spindle-whorls","title":"Early Islamic Bone Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, c. 800–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA charming group of three small bone spindle whorls, delicately carved and subtly tinted with a natural pink hue, each offering a glimpse into the rich textile traditions of early Islamic Nishapur. Finely shaped into hemispherical and ribbed barrel forms, these whorls are individually decorated with incised geometric patterns, including linear designs and the characteristic dot-in-circle motif, and are centrally pierced for mounting on a spindle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcavated from the once-flourishing city of Nishapur, these whorls are more than just tools—they are elegant expressions of daily life and craftsmanship. Nishapur was a vital hub on the Silk Road, and its prosperity during the early Islamic period is reflected in the sheer abundance of spindle whorls unearthed there. Their decorative elements suggest both a functional and aesthetic role, as artisans infused even the most utilitarian objects with artistic character.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe flattened bases and precision-carved motifs indicate their use in textile production, helping to spin threads with consistent tension and momentum. Together, these artifacts stand as silent witnesses to the thriving domestic and commercial textile industries that once animated the city.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA rare and culturally rich trio, perfect for collectors of Islamic art, textile history, or early tools of craft and trade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size varies from approx. 0,5cm to 2,1cm. Sell as a set.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: Belgian private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSpindle Whorl, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 40.170.364 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/450041)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55233870135561,"sku":"100100425","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4489.jpg?v=1744635349"},{"product_id":"early-islamic-bone-spindle-whorls-1","title":"Early Islamic Bone Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eNishapur, c. 800–1100 AD, North-East Iran\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delightful trio of carved bone spindle whorls, each subtly blushed with a natural pink hue and finely formed in hemispherical and ribbed barrel shapes. These compact yet sophisticated tools are adorned with incised geometric decoration—linear motifs and the distinct dot-in-circle design—and centrally pierced to be mounted on a spindle for spinning thread.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcavated from the vibrant city of Nishapur, a major cultural and commercial center along the Silk Road, these objects speak volumes about everyday life during the early Islamic period. Though small in scale, their artistry is undeniable, blending functionality with decorative appeal. The abundance of such whorls unearthed at Nishapur points to the city’s deep involvement in textile production, both for domestic use and trade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe incised patterns and flattened bases are not merely decorative—they signal the objects’ role in producing fine threads with consistent tension, ensuring the precision needed for quality weaving. In this sense, these whorls serve as both practical tools and testaments to a refined artisanal tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eTogether, this rare set encapsulates the beauty of utilitarian design and the rich material culture of early Islamic craftsmanship—a compelling addition for collectors interested in Islamic art, ancient tools, or textile history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size varies from approx. 0,5cm to 2,1cm. Sell as a set.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: Belgian private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSpindle Whorl, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 40.170.364 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/450041)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55276138004745,"sku":"100100429","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4495.jpg?v=1744964873"},{"product_id":"harappan-terracotta-jar-with-zebu-bull-motif","title":"Harappan Terracotta Jar with Zebu Bull Motif","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA charming wheel-thrown bichrome terracotta jar featuring a petite foot, gently squat walls, and a gracefully flared rim. The exterior is masterfully decorated with scenes depicting pairs of zebu bulls—rendered with elongated bodies, towering humps, immense horns, and strikingly large eyes—each separated by delicately painted peepal trees. These vivid figures are set against a backdrop of flowing geometric motifs, including suns, clouds, vegetal designs, and rhythmic linear bands, all executed with a fluidity and confidence that speak to the sophisticated artistry of Harappan potters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe powerful zebu bull, with its distinctive hump and commanding horns, is a recurring and potent symbol within the material culture of the Indus Valley Civilization. Frequently depicted on painted pottery, terracotta figurines, and iconic seals, the bull may symbolize strength, protection, leadership, or possibly religious sacrifice, reflecting the deep symbolic and practical importance of cattle in Harappan society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eVessels such as this were likely used for both everyday domestic functions and ritual purposes. The presence of symbolic animal imagery—particularly the revered zebu—suggests the vessel held significance beyond simple utility. This exquisite jar embodies the elegance, symbolic richness, and technical mastery that characterize the Harappan Civilization, one of the world’s earliest and most sophisticated urban cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors of early ceramics, South Asian antiquities, or ancient art of the world’s first great cities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Intact. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 8,0cm x 8,0cm x 5,5cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eProto-Historic Pottery of Indus Valley Civilization; Study of Painted Motifs, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eSudha Satyawadi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e, D.K. Printworld, 1994.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55367338787081,"sku":"100100437","price":325.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4828.jpg?v=1745844166"},{"product_id":"harappan-terracotta-vase-or-jar-with-geometric-motifs","title":"Harappan Terracotta Vase or Jar with Geometric Motifs","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA captivating small wheel-thrown bichrome terracotta vessel from the Indus Valley, exhibiting the sophisticated ceramic traditions of the Harappan civilization. The form features a petite, splayed foot supporting an inverted, bell-shaped body with a cinched, corseted neck that expands into a flared rim—an elegant silhouette that reflects balance and proportion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe surface is decorated with simple yet striking geometric motifs, painted in black over a reddish-orange ground. These linear and curvilinear patterns, likely applied with a fine brush, demonstrate the aesthetic refinement and symbolic sensibilities of Harappan artisans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eVessels such as this were used both in daily life and ritual contexts, and their decoration may have carried symbolic or communicative significance, though the precise meanings remain elusive. This example offers a beautifully preserved glimpse into the material culture of one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Intact. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chip in the rim and scratches to the body, painted decoration faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 6,8cm x 4,8cm x 4,8cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eProto-Historic Pottery of Indus Valley Civilization; Study of Painted Motifs, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eSudha Satyawadi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e, D.K. Printworld, 1994.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55399964606729,"sku":"100100442","price":165.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_4804.jpg?v=1746180793"},{"product_id":"harappan-terracotta-elongated-cup-with-geometric-decoration","title":"Harappan Terracotta Elongated Cup with Geometric Decoration","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional and large terracotta cup from the Indus Valley Civilization, featuring a flat base and an elegantly elongated body that rises to a broad, slightly flaring rim. The vessel’s surface is adorned with finely painted geometric motifs in black slip, applied over a slip-painted reddish-orange ground. These linear and triangular patterns—likely executed with a fine brush—exemplify the aesthetic sophistication and symbolic awareness of Harappan artisans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSuch vessels were utilized in both daily and ritual contexts, and their decorative schemes may have held symbolic or communicative significance, though their precise meanings remain the subject of scholarly debate. This beautifully preserved example offers a rare and evocative insight into the material culture of one of the world’s earliest and most advanced urban civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor abrasion in the rim and scratches to the body, painted decoration faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 16,5cm x 13,6cm x 13,8cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eProto-Historic Pottery of Indus Valley Civilization; Study of Painted Motifs, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eSudha Satyawadi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e, D.K. Printworld, 1994.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55522760425737,"sku":"100100448","price":525.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_5020_3230a3e8-9be6-4d05-8c1f-df1060315201.jpg?v=1747817694"},{"product_id":"harappan-terracotta-bowl-with-ibex-motif","title":"Harappan Terracotta Bowl with Ibex Motif","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eHarappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA rare and captivating terracotta bowl from the Indus Valley Civilization, beautifully preserved and richly decorated with a combination of geometric and zoomorphic motifs. Rising from a small, flattened foot, the vessel expands gracefully into a wide, open mouth—its form both elegant and utilitarian.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe interior is adorned with a striking frieze of stylized ibex figures, rendered in dark brown slip with fluid, rhythmic lines that suggest motion and grace. These zoomorphic motifs are interspersed with linear patterning—bands of stripes encircling the vessel's inner walls—culminating in a central medallion composed of intricate crosshatching within four concentric circles. Additional bands of painted stripes accentuate the rim, while faint traces of pigment and slip on the exterior hint at its original vibrancy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe ibex, a wild mountain goat native to the region, may have held symbolic or spiritual significance, and its stylization reflects the high degree of abstraction characteristic of Harappan ceramic art. Vessels such as this were likely used in both domestic and ritual settings, and their imagery may have conveyed social, cosmological, or communicative meanings—now lost to time but still deeply evocative.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exceptional piece offers a rare and intimate glimpse into the visual language and cultural sophistication of the Harappan world—one of the earliest urban civilizations in human history. It stands as a testament to the refined aesthetic and technical skill of artisans working over four millennia ago.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, with a chip to the rim and encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 13,1cm x 12,9cm x 5,3cm. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eProvenance: British private collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Indus_Valley_Civilization\/).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eProto-Historic Pottery of Indus Valley Civilization; Study of Painted Motifs, Sudha Satyawadi, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eD.K. Printworld, 1994.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55580553740553,"sku":"100100454","price":265.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/files\/IMG_5063_d267c006-bfd5-4534-91c9-1a1212a18178.jpg?v=1748539166"}],"url":"https:\/\/gotasworld.com\/collections\/near-eastern-holy-land-art.oembed?page=7","provider":"Göta's World","version":"1.0","type":"link"}