{"title":"Pre-Columbian Art","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eExplore our expansive collection of genuine Pre-Columbian art, featuring everything from intricate sewing needles to grand pottery figurines. Our selection includes extraordinary pieces from the Aztec, Inca, Chancay, Mochica, Chimú, Colima, Maya, and other remarkable cultures of Mesoamerica, Central America, and South America. Each artifact is meticulously authenticated and guaranteed to meet our high standards of quality. Acquired from esteemed European collections before the 1960s, these treasures offer unparalleled historical value and are perfect for discerning collectors. Elevate your collection with these exceptional and rare artifacts of ancient artistry.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"sewing-needle-tawantinsuyu","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. \u003c\/span\u003eSurface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. \u003cspan\u003eSize approx. 9,6cm x 0,2cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44152820564233,"sku":"1050259","price":75.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/needle.jpg?v=1676473434"},{"product_id":"collection-of-spindle-whorls","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fascinating collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1,5cm to 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44158611718409,"sku":"1061048","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8995.jpg?v=1676545325"},{"product_id":"inca-sewing-needle","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. \u003c\/span\u003eSurface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSize approx.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e9,7cm x 0,2cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44158719131913,"sku":"1022498","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8969.jpg?v=1676546106"},{"product_id":"inca-sewing-needle-1","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. Size approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10,3cm x 0,2cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44158749999369,"sku":"1024371","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8964.jpg?v=1676546444"},{"product_id":"inca-sewing-needle-2","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. Size approx. \u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e10,5cm x 0,2cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44158862983433,"sku":"1096604","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8958.jpg?v=1676547676"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-1","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fascinating collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1,5cm to 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44158935367945,"sku":"1064196","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8988.jpg?v=1676548535"},{"product_id":"chimu-cloak-pin","title":"Chimú Silver Alloy Cloak Pin","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Chimú Culture, c. 800-1470 AD, Moche Valley, Trujillo, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eAn exceptional and rare hammered silver alloy cloak pin, showcasing the refined metalworking expertise of the Chimú civilization. While predominantly silver, this piece contains small traces of copper, a hallmark of Chimú metallurgy. Cloak pins of this type were used for securing garments or adorning hairstyles, often serving as status symbols among the elite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis artifact likely originates from a mummy bundle or a shaman’s tomb, emphasizing its ceremonial and ritual significance. Over centuries, it has developed a rich, layered patina in deep greyish hues, further enhancing its ancient allure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA magnificent acquisition for collectors of pre-Columbian adornments and those who appreciate the artistry and cultural depth of ancient Andean civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Age-related wear. Dirt, dust and corrosion. Size approx. 12,8cm x 0,3cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44158980817161,"sku":"1087394","price":155.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8933.jpg?v=1676548989"},{"product_id":"chimu-cloak-pin-1","title":"Chimú Silver Alloy Cloak Pin","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Chimú Culture, c. 800-1470 AD, Moche Valley, Trujillo, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eAn exceptional and rare hammered silver alloy cloak pin, showcasing the refined metalworking expertise of the Chimú civilization. While predominantly silver, this piece contains small traces of copper, a hallmark of Chimú metallurgy. Cloak pins of this type were used for securing garments or adorning hairstyles, often serving as status symbols among the elite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis artifact likely originates from a mummy bundle or a shaman’s tomb, emphasizing its ceremonial and ritual significance. Over centuries, it has developed a rich, layered patina in deep greyish hues, further enhancing its ancient allure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA magnificent acquisition for collectors of pre-Columbian adornments and those who appreciate the artistry and cultural depth of ancient Andean civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Age-related wear. Dirt, dust and corrosion. Size approx. 12,8cm x 0,3cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159014306057,"sku":"1066624","price":155.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8917.jpg?v=1676549418"},{"product_id":"chimu-cloak-pin-2","title":"Chimú Silver Alloy Cloak Pin","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Chimú Culture, c. 800-1470 AD, Moche Valley, Trujillo, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eAn exceptional and rare hammered silver alloy cloak pin, showcasing the refined metalworking expertise of the Chimú civilization. While predominantly silver, this piece contains small traces of copper, a hallmark of Chimú metallurgy. Cloak pins of this type were used for securing garments or adorning hairstyles, often serving as status symbols among the elite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis artifact likely originates from a mummy bundle or a shaman’s tomb, emphasizing its ceremonial and ritual significance. Over centuries, it has developed a rich, layered patina in deep greyish hues, further enhancing its ancient allure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA magnificent acquisition for collectors of pre-Columbian adornments and those who appreciate the artistry and cultural depth of ancient Andean civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Intact. Age-related wear. Dirt, dust and corrosion. Size approx. 12,8cm x 0,4cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159040946441,"sku":"1080689","price":155.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/IMG_8884.jpg?v=1676549721"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorl","title":"Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Quimbaya Culture, c. 1050-1500 AD, Cauca Region, Middle Cauca Complex, Colombia\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fantastic and rare Pre-Columbian Quimbaya spindle whorl, masterfully crafted in terracotta with an exquisite deep brownish-red hue. This large, meticulously hand-polished artifact features intricately incised linear and circular motifs, reflecting the sophisticated textile traditions of the Quimbaya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in ancient fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, enabled the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers, while heavier whorls provided the necessary force for coarser materials like maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTypically, these whorls were spheroid, semi-spheroid, barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical, with variations in form and decoration based on local culture and period. The intricate geometric and abstract patterns were created using excision and incision techniques, often enhanced with white lime or pigments for added contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eRemarkably, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru display botanical illustrations of key economic plants. These include accurate depictions of seeds, fruit sections, and fiber-producing crops such as tomatoes, peppers, gourds, squashes, and cotton—a testament to the deep agricultural knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA truly exceptional artifact, this large Quimbaya spindle whorl is a must-have for collectors of Pre-Columbian art, ancient textiles, and archaeological tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 3,4cm x 3,4cm x 2,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159055331593,"sku":"1028272","price":75.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/spin1.jpg?v=1676550524"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorl-1","title":"Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Quimbaya Culture, c. 1050-1500 AD, Cauca Region, Middle Cauca Complex, Colombia\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fantastic and rare Pre-Columbian Quimbaya spindle whorl, masterfully crafted in terracotta with an exquisite deep brownish-red hue. This large, meticulously hand-polished artifact features intricately incised linear and circular motifs, reflecting the sophisticated textile traditions of the Quimbaya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in ancient fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, enabled the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers, while heavier whorls provided the necessary force for coarser materials like maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTypically, these whorls were spheroid, semi-spheroid, barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical, with variations in form and decoration based on local culture and period. The intricate geometric and abstract patterns were created using excision and incision techniques, often enhanced with white lime or pigments for added contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eRemarkably, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru display botanical illustrations of key economic plants. These include accurate depictions of seeds, fruit sections, and fiber-producing crops such as tomatoes, peppers, gourds, squashes, and cotton—a testament to the deep agricultural knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA truly exceptional artifact, this large Quimbaya spindle whorl is a must-have for collectors of Pre-Columbian art, ancient textiles, and archaeological tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 3,6cm\u003cspan\u003e x 3,6cm x 2,0cm\u003c\/span\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159233229065,"sku":"1060843","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/w1.jpg?v=1676552168"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorl-2","title":"Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Quimbaya Culture, c. 1050-1500 AD, Cauca Region, Middle Cauca Complex, Colombia\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fantastic and rare Pre-Columbian Quimbaya spindle whorl, masterfully crafted in terracotta with an exquisite deep brownish-red hue. This large, meticulously hand-polished artifact features intricately incised linear and circular motifs, reflecting the sophisticated textile traditions of the Quimbaya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in ancient fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, enabled the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers, while heavier whorls provided the necessary force for coarser materials like maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTypically, these whorls were spheroid, semi-spheroid, barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical, with variations in form and decoration based on local culture and period. The intricate geometric and abstract patterns were created using excision and incision techniques, often enhanced with white lime or pigments for added contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eRemarkably, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru display botanical illustrations of key economic plants. These include accurate depictions of seeds, fruit sections, and fiber-producing crops such as tomatoes, peppers, gourds, squashes, and cotton—a testament to the deep agricultural knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA truly exceptional artifact, this large Quimbaya spindle whorl is a must-have for collectors of Pre-Columbian art, ancient textiles, and archaeological tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. \u003cspan\u003e2,4cm x 2,4cm x 1,8cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159262720265,"sku":"1084547","price":70.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/w1_d4c6c98e-2efa-487d-b640-2b75b272cd66.jpg?v=1676552485"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorl-3","title":"Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Quimbaya Culture, c. 1050-1500 AD, Cauca Region, Middle Cauca Complex, Colombia\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fantastic and rare Pre-Columbian Quimbaya spindle whorl, masterfully crafted in terracotta with an exquisite deep brownish-red hue. This large, meticulously hand-polished artifact features intricately incised linear and circular motifs, reflecting the sophisticated textile traditions of the Quimbaya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in ancient fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, enabled the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers, while heavier whorls provided the necessary force for coarser materials like maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTypically, these whorls were spheroid, semi-spheroid, barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical, with variations in form and decoration based on local culture and period. The intricate geometric and abstract patterns were created using excision and incision techniques, often enhanced with white lime or pigments for added contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eRemarkably, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru display botanical illustrations of key economic plants. These include accurate depictions of seeds, fruit sections, and fiber-producing crops such as tomatoes, peppers, gourds, squashes, and cotton—a testament to the deep agricultural knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA truly exceptional artifact, this large Quimbaya spindle whorl is a must-have for collectors of Pre-Columbian art, ancient textiles, and archaeological tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. \u003cspan\u003e3,8cm x 3,8cm x 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159274909961,"sku":"1014606","price":80.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/w1_35a7d293-5763-4a3c-bf4b-53b78374a4bd.jpg?v=1676552728"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorl-4","title":"Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Quimbaya Culture, c. 1050-1500 AD, Cauca Region, Middle Cauca Complex, Colombia\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fantastic and rare Pre-Columbian Quimbaya spindle whorl, masterfully crafted in terracotta with an exquisite deep brownish-red hue. This large, meticulously hand-polished artifact features intricately incised linear and circular motifs, reflecting the sophisticated textile traditions of the Quimbaya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in ancient fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, enabled the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers, while heavier whorls provided the necessary force for coarser materials like maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTypically, these whorls were spheroid, semi-spheroid, barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical, with variations in form and decoration based on local culture and period. The intricate geometric and abstract patterns were created using excision and incision techniques, often enhanced with white lime or pigments for added contrast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eRemarkably, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru display botanical illustrations of key economic plants. These include accurate depictions of seeds, fruit sections, and fiber-producing crops such as tomatoes, peppers, gourds, squashes, and cotton—a testament to the deep agricultural knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA truly exceptional artifact, this large Quimbaya spindle whorl is a must-have for collectors of Pre-Columbian art, ancient textiles, and archaeological tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. \u003cspan\u003e3,9cm x 3,9cm x 2,1cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159298601225,"sku":"1096845","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/w1_99c5f356-a8e5-488a-a096-fbb1219db771.jpg?v=1676552988"},{"product_id":"colima-terracotta-olla","title":"Colima Pottery Olla","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Colima Culture, c. 200-300 AD, Western Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA remarkable and finely crafted pottery olla from the ancient Colima culture, featuring a short neck, wide mouth, and exceptionally thin walls—hallmarks of the region’s sophisticated ceramic traditions. The bulbous body is expertly hand-modeled, demonstrating the Colima artisans’ mastery of clay work without the use of a potter’s wheel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAdding to its rare charm, two small hand-built zoomorphic figures perch on the vessel’s outer rim, possibly symbolic guardians or ritual elements. The polished surface enhances the vessel’s rich earthen tones, a characteristic feature of Colima’s celebrated burnished pottery tradition. Colima ceramics, part of the wider West Mexican Shaft Tomb tradition, are renowned for their graceful forms, intricate iconography, and funerary significance. Vessels such as this may have been used in ritual offerings, elite burials, or daily life—bridging the spiritual and material worlds of ancient Mesoamerican societies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exquisite example of Pre-Columbian artistry, this Colima olla embodies the elegance and refinement of one of Mexico’s most revered ceramic traditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Repaired. Age-related wear and light abrasion. Repaired chip in the rim. Size approx. 14,0cm x 14,0cm x 11,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159758663945,"sku":"1093435","price":320.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/c1.jpg?v=1676558382"},{"product_id":"colima-effigy-vessel","title":"Colima Figural Frog Pottery Effigy Vessel","description":"\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Colima culture, c. 200-300AD, Colima, Western Mexico.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exquisite redware effigy vessel captures the form of a frog in a compact and dynamic pose. Hand-built and covered in a polished brownish-red slip, the figure exudes a lifelike presence with its rounded body and carefully modeled details. The frog sits with its rear legs retracted and sinuous forelegs stretched forward, while the protruding head features button-shaped eyes, a rounded mouth with delicately incised lips, and impressed nostrils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrogs held deep symbolic significance in the Pre-Columbian world, particularly within Colima culture. Revered as rainmakers, their croaking was believed to summon rainstorms, an essential source of sustenance and fertility for agricultural societies. The association with fertility is further emphasized by their prolific reproduction and the squat posture, reminiscent of childbirth, that this figure mimics so well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe burnished surface of this vessel enhances its tactile appeal, while the fine craftsmanship reflects the Colima artisans' skill and the cultural reverence for natural elements. A remarkable artifact, this effigy vessel not only showcases the ingenuity of Colima pottery but also provides a window into the beliefs and practices of a vibrant ancient civilization. Perfect for collectors or enthusiasts of Pre-Columbian art, this piece embodies a harmonious blend of artistry and cultural symbolism. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eGood condition. Repaired. Age-related wear and minimal abrasion. Dirt, dust and soil. Size approx. 11,5cm x 8,5cm x 4,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159768953097,"sku":"1086225","price":385.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1.jpg?v=1676559167"},{"product_id":"colima-terracotta-olla-1","title":"Colima Pottery Olla","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Colima Culture, c. 200-300 AD, Western Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA mesmerizing redware saucer-shaped olla, skillfully crafted with a wide mouth, flared lip, and elegantly curved body. Two small handles, shaped like animal paws, add a charming zoomorphic touch, suggesting ritual or symbolic significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThe vessel’s gorgeous brownish-red slip enhances its rich, earthy tones, while the surface has been expertly burnished before firing, resulting in a highly polished, almost luminous sheen. The thin walls and precise form, achieved without the use of a potter’s wheel, showcase the sophisticated ceramic artistry of the Colima culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eColima ceramics, a part of the West Mexican Shaft Tomb tradition, were often placed in elite burials as offerings for the afterlife. This olla exemplifies the grace, refinement, and technical mastery that define Colima’s world-renowned pottery tradition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA truly exceptional and rare example of Pre-Columbian craftsmanship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eExcellent condition. \u003c\/span\u003eWear commensurate with age and use. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eSmall chips repaired in the rim, otherwise intact. Dirt, dust and rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 16,0cm x 16,0cm x 7,5cm. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44159852970249,"sku":"1032290","price":650.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_c569b292-65a4-4746-9570-642edbff500f.jpg?v=1676559617"},{"product_id":"narino-terracotta-bowl","title":"Nariño Terracotta Bowl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Nariño Culture, Carchi-Nariño region, c. 800–1300 AD, Colombia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis exquisite Nariño terracotta bowl, dating from 800–1300 AD, is a beautiful representation of the pottery tradition from the Nariño-Carchi region, which spans present-day southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Hand-built using traditional coiling methods, the bowl is characterized by its highly burnished surface and striking bichrome decoration, achieved with the use of wax and liquid colored clays. Geometric patterns, which are typical of Nariño's pottery style, are expertly applied, creating a visually captivating design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe bowl, like many other ceramics of the Nariño-Carchi culture, likely served a functional purpose in the presentation of food or beverages, such as \u003ci\u003echicha\u003c\/i\u003e, a fermented maize drink. These vessels were not only used in everyday life but also played an important role in festivals and ceremonies. The use of negative painting to create bold contrast and intricate designs distinguishes Nariño pottery, elevating it beyond simple utilitarian objects to works of art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe bowl's form and decoration reflect the highly developed craftsmanship of the Nariño people, showcasing their skill in both functional and aesthetic pottery-making.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. \u003c\/span\u003eSurface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with fading to some finer features, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eSize approx. 14,5cm x 14,1cm x 6,7cm. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44160080281865,"sku":"1052702","price":295.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_d989f853-f9ab-4828-9ea0-4df6ed4a49fe.jpg?v=1676561853"},{"product_id":"narino-terracotta-olla","title":"Nariño Terracotta Olla","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Nariño Culture, Carchi-Nariño region, c. 800–1300 AD, Colombia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis captivating Pre-Columbian Nariño terracotta olla, dating from 800–1300 AD, is a superb example of the advanced ceramic traditions of the Nariño-Carchi region, spanning present-day southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Expertly hand-built and meticulously burnished, the vessel features striking bichrome geometric patterns, created using a sophisticated wax-resist technique combined with liquid colored clays.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eOllas, along with bowls and jars, were among the most characteristic pottery forms of the Nariño-Carchi culture. These vessels varied in size, construction techniques, and decorative motifs, reflecting their diverse ceremonial and utilitarian functions. Used primarily for serving solid and liquid food—such as the fermented maize beverage \u003ci\u003echicha\u003c\/i\u003e—they played a vital role in festivals and communal rituals. The Nariño artisans were particularly known for their mastery of negative painting, an intricate process that resulted in high-contrast, visually stunning designs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis remarkable olla embodies the artistic refinement and cultural richness of the Nariño civilization, offering a glimpse into their vibrant traditions and ceremonial practices. Its bold geometric patterns and masterful craftsmanship make it an exceptional testament to the ingenuity of Pre-Columbian pottery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eExcellent condition. \u003c\/span\u003eSurface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use, with color fading, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Size approx. 12,5cm x 12,5cm x 10,0cm. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44160131498249,"sku":"1047585","price":375.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_bb8eaa4c-70bf-4e05-b3bd-e4dbe566a026.jpg?v=1676564078"},{"product_id":"moche-llama-stirrup-spout-bottle","title":"Moche Pottery Figural Llama Stirrup Spout Bottle","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Moche culture, Moche phase II to IV, c. 200-600AD, Northern Peru.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exceptional stirrup spout bottle, crafted during the height of the Moche civilization, features a reclining llama rendered in a strikingly naturalistic style. The serene expression on the llama’s face, complemented by its upright ears and detailed body, highlights the skilled craftsmanship of Moche artisans. The vessel's surface showcases a smooth patina in a grayish-brown hue, with traces of a yellowish cream pigment, further accentuating its lifelike quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLlamas were essential to life in the Andes, serving as pack animals capable of navigating rugged mountain terrain while providing wool for clothing and other necessities. Their significance to the Moche culture is reflected in their frequent depiction in ceramics, symbolizing both practical and spiritual reverence for this vital creature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Moche, flourishing along the northern coast of Peru between 200 and 700 AD, are celebrated for their advancements in pottery, goldwork, and monumental architecture. Their stirrup spout bottles, like this one, are among the most distinctive artifacts of their culture. These vessels served both utilitarian and ceremonial purposes, often depicting animals, deities, and scenes of daily life with remarkable realism. This bottle stands out for its artistic elegance and historical importance. Its excellent preservation, intricate detailing, and cultural symbolism make it a valuable artifact, offering a glimpse into the ingenuity and spiritual world of the Moche civilization. A must-have for collectors and enthusiasts of ancient Andean art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExcellent condition. Age-related minimal wear. Intact. Dirt, dust and encrusted deposits. Ex-museum collection piece with inventory numbers painted on the bottom. Size approx. 17,0cm x 14,5cm x 7,0cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Accession Number: 1983.546.20 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/314695)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoche (Mochica) Culture (North Coastal Peru), sculptural stirrup spout bottle representing llama, Lima: Museo Nacional de Arqueología Antropología e Historia del Perú.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Accession Number: 67.167.14 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/309482)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, Accession Number: 2013.58.1 (https:\/\/artgallery.yale.edu\/collections\/objects\/181141)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165069930761,"sku":"1054230","price":1600.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_db20e1c1-1cac-4729-8e11-66116b21a468.jpg?v=1676630617"},{"product_id":"moche-llama-stirrup-spout-bottle-1","title":"Moche Pottery Figural Llama Stirrup Spout Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Moche culture, Moche phase II to IV, c. 200-600AD, Northern Peru.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis exceptional Moche stirrup spout bottle depicts a llama carrying two saddlebags or baskets, with small bottles nestled within them, a testament to the integral role of llamas in ancient Andean society. The llama is skillfully modeled with a serene expression, distinctive perky ears, and finely detailed features. Its deep dark brown surface showcases the smooth patina characteristic of Moche ceramics, reflecting both the practical and artistic excellence of this culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLlamas were the backbone of Andean life, serving as pack animals that could traverse the steep, mountainous terrain to connect remote communities. They provided wool for warm clothing and were essential for transporting goods, making them an invaluable resource in both daily life and ceremonial contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Moche civilization, which thrived along the northern coast of Peru from 200 to 700 AD, is renowned for its innovative ceramics, intricate goldwork, monumental architecture, and advanced irrigation systems. Stirrup spout bottles, such as this one, are iconic of Moche artistry. These vessels often combined utilitarian function with symbolic representation, reflecting themes of nature, religion, and societal structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis piece stands out for its unique portrayal of the llama as a burden-bearer, embodying the animal's enduring significance. Its fine preservation, rich coloration, and masterful craftsmanship make it a remarkable artifact, offering insight into the ingenuity and cultural depth of the Moche people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ege-related wear and minimal abrasion on the spout. One ear repaired, otherwise intact. Earthly deposits. Ex-museum collection piece with inventory numbers painted on the bottom. Size approx. 17,0cm x 14,5cm x 9,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eProvenance: Danish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor a similar examples see:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Accession Number: 1983.546.20 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/314695)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMoche (Mochica) Culture (North Coastal Peru), sculptural stirrup spout bottle representing llama, Lima: Museo Nacional de Arqueología Antropología e Historia del Perú.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Accession Number: 67.167.14 (https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/309482)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, Accession Number: 2013.58.1 (https:\/\/artgallery.yale.edu\/collections\/objects\/181141)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165114921225,"sku":"1010296","price":1350.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_f5280ded-884e-4e55-a9fa-7c3f84daab9e.jpg?v=1676631454"},{"product_id":"maya-terracotta-figure-fragment","title":"Mayan Terracotta Deity or Warrior Figurine Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Maya Culture, c. 250–950 AD, Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis lovely unpolished Mayan terracotta head fragment likely represents a deity or warrior from Maya culture. The fragment exhibits intricate detailing, showcasing an elaborate headdress, a hallmark of Maya ceremonial and votive statuettes. The facial features, though weathered, hint at the craftsmanship and symbolic significance imbued in the figure's creation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eOriginally part of a larger statuette, such pieces were likely used in rituals or as offerings. The figurine was once vividly painted with colorful pigments, now lost to time, which would have further enhanced its ceremonial impact. This artifact provides a captivating glimpse into the artistry and spiritual practices of the ancient Maya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eModerate condition. Age-related heavy wear, chips and abrasion. Dirt, dust and soil. Size approx. 5,8cm x 5,0cm x 2,7cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Private collection Belgium\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165149196553,"sku":"1024273","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1.jpg?v=1676631990"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-2","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eAbsolutely stunning collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2,1cm to 2,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165174952201,"sku":"1028763","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_f93c0d19-854c-4dba-a85f-2d27834b6457.jpg?v=1676632313"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-3","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA stunning collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1,5cm to 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165196644617,"sku":"1085361","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_ccdb2131-3a4e-4539-a213-2bab74dab60a.jpg?v=1676632620"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-4","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fascinating collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2,1cm to 2,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165212930313,"sku":"1025534","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_72766ff7-6a05-492d-9cf6-4cc9b17961ac.jpg?v=1676632953"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-5","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eAbsolutely gorgeous collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2,1cm to 2,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165301174537,"sku":"1077150","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_d6b3316c-8916-43c9-92e5-9e2a19902d33.jpg?v=1676634917"},{"product_id":"mayan-miniature-terracotta-bowl","title":"Mayan Miniature Blackware Bowl","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Maya culture, c. 250-950AD, Mexico.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eBeautiful small-sized Mayan saucer-shaped terracotta bowl. Miniature vessels like this were most likely used for medicinal or some other concoctions in the Mayan Empire.  Good condition. Traces of green and blue pigment. Chip to rim. Age-related minimal wear. Dirt, dust and encrustation. Lovely patina. Size approx. 4,6cm x 4,6cm x 1,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165321163017,"sku":"1010921","price":75.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_46833112-d35e-45fc-80d9-e2eb97c13707.jpg?v=1676635208"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-6","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA mesmerizing collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2,1cm to 2,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165348131081,"sku":"1082087","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_a4220c17-4ff1-4f12-8bef-0738cd76e1b4.jpg?v=1676635482"},{"product_id":"maya-miniature-bowl","title":"Mayan Miniature Blackware Bowl","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Maya Culture, c. 250–950 AD, Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis beautiful small-sized and mold-made terracotta bowl, crafted in a delicate saucer shape, reflects the skilled craftsmanship of the ancient Maya. Miniature vessels like this were likely utilized for storing and preparing medicinal substances or other valued concoctions, highlighting their practical role within the Maya civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe bowl's understated elegance and functional design offer a glimpse into the daily and ritual practices of the Maya. Its simplicity belies its significance, serving as a testament to the ingenuity and cultural richness of this advanced Pre-Columbian society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Traces of green and blue pigment. Chip to rim. Age-related minimal wear. Dirt, dust and encrustation. Lovely patina. Size approx. 4,6cm x 4,6cm x 1,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165361402121,"sku":"1084056","price":75.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_75096751-9eca-4c92-acd1-e020bd4f659f.jpg?v=1676635688"},{"product_id":"veracruz-terracotta-figure-fragment","title":"Veracruz Dignitary Pottery Figure Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Veracruz Culture, Las Remojadas style, c. 100-1000 AD, Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis exceptional hand-modeled terracotta head fragment, dating from approximately 100-1000 AD, is a striking representation of a dignitary or warrior from the Veracruz culture, specifically in the Las Remojadas style. As an integral part of the broader Classic Veracruz civilization, the Remojadas culture is renowned for its highly expressive hollow ceramic figures, often hand-crafted and adorned with appliqués. These figurines, produced in vast quantities for burial offerings, depict a wide range of subjects, including deities, rulers, warriors, ball-game players, commoners, and various animals such as dogs and deer. Natural asphalt, sourced from local outcrops, was frequently used to accentuate details on these figures, adding depth and contrast to their features.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis remarkable fragment captures the essence of Veracruz artistry with its naturalistic oval face, fierce expression, and highly detailed facial features. The dignitary’s prominent brow arches surmount half-closed almond-shaped eyes, conveying a sense of authority and power. A fine aquiline nose and high cheekbones contribute to the noble appearance, while the wide, half-open mouth with thick lips follows traditional artistic conventions of the period. The figure’s elaborate headdress, consisting of a flat headband topped with a turban-like element, frames the forehead, suggesting high status or ritual significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eAs a remnant of a once-complete figure, this head fragment serves as a powerful testament to the skill and cultural expression of the Remojadas artisans. The Veracruz civilization, known for its sophisticated ceramic traditions, played a crucial role in the artistic and ceremonial life of ancient Mesoamerica, producing works that continue to captivate and inspire scholars and collectors alike.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. \u003c\/span\u003eSurface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with fading to some finer features, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan\u003eSize \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e(only the head) approx. 12,1cm x 12,4cm x 5,5cm. Custom stand included.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: British private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165402034441,"sku":"1063156","price":1850.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_ca2cb53a-f80a-4461-9d19-31dd2bfee666.jpg?v=1676637441"},{"product_id":"quimbaya-figure-rattle","title":"Quimbaya Figural Pottery Rattle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Quimbaya culture, c. 1050–1500 AD, Cauca region, Middle Cauca complex, Colombia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eAn absolutely gorgeous Pre-Columbian figural pottery rattle from the Quimbaya culture, showcasing the distinctive artistic traditions of the Middle Cauca complex (1050-1500 AD).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis imposing anthropomorphic figure features a trapezoidal head, thick neck, and large hollow square torso, exuding a commanding presence. The flattened facial features, with characteristic coffee bean-shaped eyes and mouth, are framed by pierced ears and nose, which likely once bore metal adornments or rings. A series of small perforations at the flat crown of the head suggests it may have been decorated with feathers or other ritual embellishments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe figure's looped arms and hands-on-hips stance convey an authoritative posture, while short, sturdy legs with circular feet provide independent stability. The chiseled nipples and subtle punched holes at the armpits and navel add to its distinctive craftsmanship. As a functional artifact, the piece produces a resonant rattle sound, indicating its role in ceremonial rituals or funerary rites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eArchaeological ceramics from the Middle Cauca region are categorized into eight stylistic groups, with the Caldas (1000-1400 AD) and Middle Cauca (1050-1500 AD) complexes being the most significant. The Middle Cauca complex is particularly notable for its ceremonial artifacts, including stirrup vessels, vases, and anthropomorphic figurines. These figures, often depicting social classes, were frequently placed in elite burials as tomb guardians or companions for the deceased, reinforcing their symbolic and protective functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis magnificent Quimbaya figural rattle is an exceptional artifact, embodying the refined ceramic traditions, spiritual significance, and artistic mastery of the Pre-Columbian Quimbaya culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. \u003c\/span\u003eSurface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with fading to some finer features, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eChip in the eye, otherwise intact. Traces of red slip paint. Encrusted fine patina. Size approx. 19,0cm x 10,5cm x 5,3cm. Custom stand included.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44165560893705,"sku":"1081442","price":850.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_1d56b8b8-f209-4a21-a104-e6f623e6134c.jpg?v=1676638296"},{"product_id":"comala-figure","title":"Colima Terracotta Figurine of a Woman with Pot","description":"\u003ch3\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Comala Phase, Tuxcacuesco-Ortices Style, c. 200 BC–300 AD, Colima, Western Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis extraordinary terracotta figurine from the Comala phase represents an elderly woman carrying a round pot on her shoulders, embodying the artistry of Colima's Tuxcacuesco-Ortices substyle. The figure, coated in a vibrant orange-red slip, features a robust torso with small, rounded breasts and a thick neck. Her naturalistic head is adorned with a band or headdress, and her facial features include a long nose, pursed lips, and the iconic \"coffee bean\" eyes typical of Colima ceramics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Comala phase (200 BC–300 AD) is renowned for its diverse ceramic themes, including depictions of musicians, hunchbacks, dwarfs, and men with bowls, while female figures remain notably rare. This scarcity adds to the significance of this piece, making it a valuable representation of the culture’s artistic and societal expressions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistinctive substyles, such as Tuxcacuesco-Ortices, showcase subtle variations in design while adhering to the hallmark characteristics of Colima ceramics: compact forms, smoothly burnished surfaces, and a restrained use of color. Unlike the more varied styles of neighboring Jalisco and Nayarit, Colima art achieves a unique balance of simplicity and sophistication, reflecting both functional and symbolic roles within the culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis figure, with its poignant portrayal of an elder burdened by her pot, offers a glimpse into the daily life and spiritual significance of the Colima people. Its artistic finesse and cultural resonance make it a remarkable addition to any collection of Pre-Columbian art.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear and minimal abrasion. Intact. Encrustation. Size approx. 13,8cm x 5,6cm x 7,5cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44166430490889,"sku":"1016428","price":750.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_e73e2a1f-b93f-4283-a626-2b4959fe97dc.jpg?v=1676646477"},{"product_id":"jalisco-figure","title":"Jalisco Pottery Tala-Tonalá Female Figure","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Jalisco culture, Tala-Tonalá-style, c. 300BC to 200AD, Western Mexico.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis striking hand-built and burnished Tala-Tonalá female figure exemplifies the artistry of the Jalisco culture. Found in the shaft tomb traditions of Western Mexico, such ceramics were integral to burial practices, serving as offerings to honor the deceased. These tombs, especially in Jalisco, Nayarit, and Colima, contained numerous ceramic figures in unique regional styles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tala-Tonalá substyle, sometimes referred to as \"sheep-faced\" due to its zoomorphic features, is particularly fascinating. Figures in this style exhibit elongated heads with prominent, projecting noses resembling a muzzle or beak, pointy, sheep-like ears, and oval white eyes painted with remarkable precision. Thin incised lines form subtle mouths, which occasionally appear smiling. Notable adornments include solid earspools or notched tabs, possibly representing stylized earrings, along with elaborate headgear, such as twisted headbands or top hats, signaling high social rank.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis female figure is a stunning representation of the Tala-Tonalá style. The figure’s large torso features small, globular breasts, and the short arms and legs are gracefully proportioned. Covered in a rich red slip, the elongated head showcases an aquiline nose, oval white-painted eyes, and massive earspools. The adornments and bold features convey an air of importance, suggesting this figure symbolizes a person of high status.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Jalisco artisans’ ability to blend anthropomorphic and zoomorphic qualities in their figures reflects a sophisticated understanding of form and symbolism. This piece not only serves as a masterpiece of Pre-Columbian artistry but also offers a glimpse into the ceremonial practices and social hierarchies of the ancient Jalisco culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear and abrasion. One arm missing. Encrusted patina. Size approx. 24,6cm x 9,3cm x 5,4cm. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44166696108297,"sku":"1025351","price":850.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_dbbef5be-86b3-4653-8bc6-3ee2e0561cd7.jpg?v=1676647495"},{"product_id":"chancay-textile-fragment","title":"Chancay Textile Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Chancay Culture, c. 1000-1470 AD, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA fantastic Chancay textile fragment, possibly from a mummy bundle wrapping or tunic, showcasing the extraordinary weaving mastery of this ancient Peruvian civilization. This finely woven textile, small in size, features stylized stripes in vivid hues of golden brown, light yellow and light emerald green, demonstrating the rich color palette typical of Chancay textiles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eRenowned for their exceptional textile craftsmanship, the Chancay people used textiles as a powerful symbol of status, spirituality, and identity. Their weavers specialized in delicate gauze work and intricate geometric and pictorial designs, incorporating animals such as birds, fish, monkeys, and dogs, as well as human figures and abstract patterns. They utilized a variety of materials, including llama wool, cotton, and feathers, and their dyeing techniques produced an impressive range of colors, from earthy browns and scarlets to striking blues and greens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eBeyond their aesthetic beauty, Chancay textiles played a critical role in funerary customs. The deceased were carefully wrapped in multiple layers of cloth, often adorned with ritualistic patterns and symbols, before being buried with offerings and personal belongings to ensure a safe passage into the afterlife.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis exceptional textile fragment stands as a testament to the sophistication and artistry of Chancay weavers—a rare and desirable piece for collectors of Pre-Columbian textiles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear. Loose threads, tears and holes. Stains, dirt and dust. Size approx. 10,5cm x 9,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Swedish private collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44166797623561,"sku":"1048265","price":80.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_9aed9573-299e-42ea-8c92-7d24d0972e4c.jpg?v=1676648576"},{"product_id":"chancay-textile-fragment-1","title":"Chancay Textile Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Chancay culture, 1000–1470AD, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis exquisite Chancay textile fragment, once part of a mummy bundle or tunic, showcases the extraordinary weaving traditions of the Chancay civilization. Finely woven with stylized stripes, the textile retains its vivid hues of golden brown, burgundy, dark moss green, and light emerald green, a testament to the enduring craftsmanship of its makers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThe Chancay people were renowned for their mastery of textiles, which served as vital symbols of status, wealth, gender, and spirituality. Specializing in delicate gauze work, their weavings incorporated a diverse palette, including yellows, browns, scarlet, white, blues, and greens. The materials used ranged from llama wool and cotton to chiffon and even feathers. Typical designs featured geometric patterns as well as depictions of plants, animals—such as fish, cats, birds, monkeys, and dogs—and human figures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eGauze textiles like this one held deep religious and magical significance, often serving as headdresses for the deceased. As part of their burial customs, the Chancay people wrapped their dead in multiple layers of cloth and interred them alongside various grave goods. This remarkable fragment offers a glimpse into the artistic sophistication and spiritual beliefs of this ancient Andean civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eModerate condition. Age-related wear. Loose threads, tears and holes. Stains, soil, dirt and dust. Sizes approx. 23,0cm x 10,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Swedish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44166809420041,"sku":"1037370","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/c1_c1ddcda4-f02e-4706-8f98-2157f7b3018a.jpg?v=1676649011"},{"product_id":"maya-miniature-vessel","title":"Taíno Miniature Incised Terracotta Jar","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Taíno Culture, c. 1200–1500 AD, Dominican Republic\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis magnificent and unusual small-sized miniature jar showcases the artistry and symbolic depth of Taíno culture. The vessel's distinctive irregular boat-shaped form is adorned on both sides with deeply carved interlocking triangular motifs and intricate incised swirls, which are stylized to represent bird heads. These motifs reflect the Taíno's close relationship with nature and their spiritual belief systems, where animals often played central roles as sacred or totemic symbols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiniature jars like this were likely used in ceremonial contexts, perhaps for holding offerings or ritual substances. The meticulous craftsmanship and intricate design make this piece a striking example of Taíno artistry, providing a glimpse into the cultural and spiritual practices of this advanced Pre-Columbian Caribbean civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Chip to rim. Age-related minimal wear. Dust and encrustation. Lovely patina. Size approx. \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e8,0cm x 3,0cm x 2,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Finnish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44166842941705,"sku":"1011070","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_379b3ab8-7d3a-4538-8162-3a8122508244.jpg?v=1676649496"},{"product_id":"chancay-textile-fragment-2","title":"Chancay Textile Fringe Fragment","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePre-Columbian era, Chancay culture, 1000-1470AD, Peru.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis mesmerizing Chancay textile fringe fragment, once part of a mummy bundle or headdress, exemplifies the refined craftsmanship of Chancay weavers. A finely woven textile band with a stylized fringe, it retains its striking burgundy and golden brown hues, showcasing the durability and vibrancy of ancient Andean dyes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Chancay civilization was renowned for its mastery of textiles, which played a crucial role in expressing status, wealth, gender, and spirituality. Specializing in delicate gauze work, Chancay weavers employed a diverse palette, incorporating shades of yellow, brown, scarlet, white, blue, and green. Materials such as llama wool, cotton, chiffon, and even feathers were commonly used, while designs often featured geometric motifs alongside depictions of plants, animals—including fish, cats, birds, monkeys, and dogs—and human figures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eTextiles of this nature held deep ritual significance, frequently serving as headdresses or wrappings for the deceased. In accordance with their burial traditions, the Chancay people shrouded their dead in multiple layers of cloth, accompanied by various grave goods. This exquisite fragment stands as a testament to the artistic sophistication and spiritual depth of this pre-Columbian culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eModerate condition. Age-related heavy wear. Loose threads, tears and holes. Stains, soil, dirt and dust. Sizes approx. \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e18,0cm x 3,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Swedish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169567568137,"sku":"1069562","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_4fe522e3-8147-41e1-850a-8fc553ab875b.jpg?v=1676711456"},{"product_id":"chancay-textile-fragment-3","title":"Chancay Textile Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Chancay culture, 1000–1470AD, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis fascinating small-sized Chancay textile fragment, likely part of the wrappings of a mummy bundle or tunic, offers a glimpse into the vibrant textile traditions of the Chancay culture. Despite signs of wear, the piece retains its vivid golden brown, burgundy, dark moss green, and light emerald green tones, showcasing the durability of the dyes used by the Chancay weavers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThe Chancay civilization is renowned for its advanced textile work, which conveyed meaning related to status, wealth, spirituality, and gender. Weaving was an essential practice, with Chancay artisans specializing in delicate gauze techniques. They employed a broad range of colors, including yellows, browns, scarlet, white, blues, and greens, and worked with materials such as llama wool, cotton, chiffon, and feathers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThe textile designs were typically geometric but also featured motifs representing plants, animals—such as fish, cats, birds, monkeys, and dogs—and human figures. These textiles were primarily used for religious and magical purposes, particularly for covering the heads of the deceased as headdresses. Following their burial customs, the Chancay wrapped their dead in numerous layers of cloth, often accompanied by a variety of grave goods. This fragment is a remarkable example of the cultural and spiritual significance of Chancay textiles in their burial rituals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eModerate condition. Fragment as shown. Age-related heavy wear. Loose threads, tears and holes. Stains, soil, dirt and dust. Sizes approx. 7,0cm x 4,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Swedish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169668198665,"sku":"1068216","price":40.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/c1_0cd18a04-270e-4a8c-a092-edeb855cc65a.jpg?v=1676713210"},{"product_id":"chancay-gauze-fragment","title":"Chancay Gauze Textile Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Chancay culture, 1000–1470AD, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThis magnificent Chancay gauze textile fragment, rendered in a natural beige hue, is a striking example of the sophisticated textile artistry of the Chancay culture (1000–1470 AD). Likely originating from a mummy bundle or tunic, this finely woven piece exemplifies the Chancay weavers’ unparalleled skill in delicate gauze work, a technique that set their textiles apart in the Pre-Columbian world.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eTextiles were deeply symbolic and multifaceted in Chancay society, serving as markers of status, gender, wealth, and spirituality. Chancay artisans employed a broad range of colors, including yellow, brown, scarlet, white, blue, and green, and worked with materials such as llama wool, cotton, chiffon, and even feathers. Their intricate designs often incorporated geometric patterns, flora, and stylized depictions of animals (fish, cats, birds, monkeys, and dogs), as well as human figures, all imbued with spiritual or social significance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eGauze textiles held a sacred function, frequently used in religious and magical rituals, particularly as ceremonial headdresses for the deceased. In accordance with Chancay burial customs, individuals were wrapped in multiple layers of cloth and interred alongside a variety of grave goods, ensuring their journey into the afterlife.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA rare and historically significant artifact, this exquisite textile fragment is a testament to the Chancay people’s artistic ingenuity and ceremonial traditions, making it a valuable addition to any collection of Pre-Columbian antiquities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear. Loose threads, tears and holes. Stains, dirt and dust. \u003cspan\u003eSize approx. 15,0cm x 15,5cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Swedish private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169683697929,"sku":"1013882","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/d2.jpg?v=1676713436"},{"product_id":"chancay-textile-fragment-4","title":"Chancay Textile Fragments","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Chancay culture, 1000–1470AD, Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eA set of beautiful Chancay textile fragments, likely once part of a mummy bundle or tunic, showcasing the rich textile heritage of this coastal Andean culture. Despite their age, the fragments retain traces of vivid color and intricate patterning, reflecting the Chancay’s sophisticated approach to textile design.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThe Chancay civilization is especially renowned for its mastery of textile arts, which played a vital role in expressing identity, status, gender, and spiritual beliefs. Their weavers excelled in producing fine gauze textiles, using materials such as llama wool, cotton, and occasionally incorporating chiffon or feathers. The Chancay palette ranged from earthy browns and yellows to vivid scarlets, blues, whites, and greens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eDecorative motifs were primarily geometric but also included stylized depictions of animals—such as cats, birds, fish, monkeys, and dogs—as well as plant forms and human figures. Many of these textiles were intended for ceremonial use, including burial rites. Bodies were often wrapped in layers of finely woven cloth and buried with various goods, while special gauze weavings were used as headdresses to cover the heads of the dead for ritual and magical purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eThese fragments provide a poignant glimpse into the ceremonial and artistic life of the Chancay, preserving the enduring beauty and symbolism of their woven legacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Age-related wear. Loose threads and tears. Stains, soil, dirt and dust. Size approx. 29,0cm x 3,0cm and 8,0cm x 9,0cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Swedish private collection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169709224201,"sku":"1088112","price":95.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/e1.jpg?v=1676713806"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-8","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA stunning collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1,4cm to 2,8cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169715613961,"sku":"1094901","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_2ceda097-c8a6-44c3-8502-46658a69666c.jpg?v=1676714052"},{"product_id":"la-tolita-figure-fragment-1","title":"La Tolita-Tumaco Grey Ware Figure Fragment","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, La Tolita–Tumaco Culture, c. 900 BC–200 AD, Southern Colombia or Northern Ecuador\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eEnchanting and highly stylized grey ware fragment depicting the upper body of a mythical animal. The creature displays applied stubbly legs, a long sinuous body, bulging eyes, an elaborate crest, and an extended beak or snout. Crafted from fine sandy grey clay, this fragment exemplifies the distinctive artistry of the La Tolita–Tumaco culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe La Tolita–Tumaco culture flourished along the Pacific coasts of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Archaeological evidence suggests that La Tolita represents one of the earliest sites, dated to around 600 BC, while Tumaco materials date to approximately 300 BC. The potters of this culture produced a remarkable variety of ceramic forms — including vessels, tripods, and ritual figurines — characterized by expressive realism and intricate detailing. Their sculptural tradition often depicted adorned humans and fantastical hybrid beings, embodying both spiritual symbolism and refined craftsmanship unique to ancient northern Andean societies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood condition. Fragmented. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with fading to some finer features, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSize approx. \u003cspan\u003e9,9cm x 3,2cm x 5,7cm. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169784525065,"sku":"1093112","price":145.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_b781b935-9224-46bf-964c-25800bbba41c.jpg?v=1676714525"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-9","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fabulous collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 1,1cm to 3,7cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169819357449,"sku":"1099512","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/c1_b48e8495-14ac-4d14-bbf0-9fb5837400de.jpg?v=1676714708"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-10","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA fascinating collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1,8cm to 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169889349897,"sku":"1096241","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_0a952a77-fe09-4ed3-966b-a5f974db59a1.jpg?v=1676715254"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-11","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian era, Manabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA stunning collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 1,5cm to 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169898426633,"sku":"1046051","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/c1_1043016c-2d42-40ff-928a-f39bb1e139c4.jpg?v=1676715493"},{"product_id":"inca-sewing-needle-3","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. Size approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9,5cm x 0,3cm x 0,3cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169905930505,"sku":"1030117","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/d1_ef292073-38db-47b9-b5c4-6061b0f0d75b.jpg?v=1676715701"},{"product_id":"inca-sewing-needle-4","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. Size approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10,5cm x 0,3cm x 0,2cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169908748553,"sku":"1093716","price":65.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_9c5aa6bc-ce96-4f65-b7d9-deda61457e77.jpg?v=1676715828"},{"product_id":"inca-sewing-needle-5","title":"Inca Bronze Sewing Needle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Inca Empire, c. 1438–1533 AD, Andes Region, South America\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA delicate bronze sewing needle from the Inca Empire, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of this advanced civilization. The Inca, known for their impressive architecture and textiles, used such tools in their intricate weaving processes. This needle, likely used in the production of fine textiles for both everyday wear and ceremonial use, highlights the Inca's mastery in creating functional yet beautifully crafted items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThe Inca Empire was the largest in pre-Columbian America, renowned for its innovations in agriculture, architecture, and record-keeping. This rare artifact offers a unique glimpse into the daily life and craftsmanship that supported the empire’s success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eAn exceptional piece for collectors, offering a tangible connection to the Inca's rich culture and advanced society.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and corrosion, with encrusted patina. Size approx. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e8,6cm x 0,4cm x 0,3cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169916678409,"sku":"1083385","price":55.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_bfe8d905-df47-449c-9724-47dd7a46bb7c.jpg?v=1676716128"},{"product_id":"maya-miniature-bottle","title":"Mayan Miniature Blackware Bottle","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003ePre-Columbian Era, Maya Culture, c. 250–950 AD, Mexico\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThis captivating miniature blackware bottle, crafted in an amphorae style, exemplifies the artistry and utility of Mayan ceramics. Featuring a bulbous body, a gracefully elongated neck, and an everted rim, the vessel showcases a balance of form and function, characteristic of Maya pottery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eMiniature vessels such as this were likely used to store and transport medicinal substances or other precious concoctions, reflecting the Maya's advanced understanding of herbal remedies and ceremonial practices. The blackware finish, achieved through controlled firing techniques, enhances its aesthetic appeal while preserving its functionality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eDespite its modest size, this vessel offers a glimpse into the daily and ritualistic life of the Maya. It symbolizes the intersection of practicality and artistry that defines their material culture, making it a fascinating relic of a sophisticated and enduring civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGood condition. Chip to rim. Age-related minimal wear. Nice encrusted patina. Size approx. 4,8cm x 3,6cm x 3,4cm. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44169978773769,"sku":"1069098","price":85.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/a1_dadd2d56-ef9a-4b88-9b43-38d5051bc6da.jpg?v=1676717360"},{"product_id":"pre-columbian-spindle-whorls-12","title":"Manabí or Quimbaya Terracotta Spindle Whorls","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"p1\"\u003eManabí Culture, Ecuador \u0026amp; Quimbaya Culture, Colombia, c. 1050-1500 AD\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA stunning collection of four Pre-Columbian earthenware spindle whorls, each adorned with intricately incised fine-line motifs in elegant linear and circular patterns. These meticulously hand-polished artifacts serve as remarkable testaments to the advanced textile traditions of ancient South American civilizations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eSpindle whorls—known as malacates in Aztec Mexico, husos in Spanish, and fusaiola in classical archaeology—were essential tools in fiber production. These perforated weights, placed on a spindle shaft, facilitated the twisting of maguey, cotton, or wool fibers into yarn. Their size and weight determined their function: smaller whorls rotated faster, ideal for delicate fibers like rabbit fur, while heavier whorls were suited for coarser materials such as maguey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThese spindle whorls exhibit varied and culturally distinct forms, ranging from spheroid and semi-spheroid to barrel-shaped, oblong, or conical. The intricate decorative patterns, primarily achieved through incision and excision, were often filled with white lime or pigments, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eIntriguingly, some Pre-Columbian spindle whorls from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru feature highly detailed depictions of plant reproductive structures, illustrating the economic importance of crops like tomatoes, peppers (Solanaceae), gourds, squashes (Cucurbitaceae), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). The precise arrangement of seeds and gossypol glands in these illustrations reflects the deep botanical knowledge of these ancient cultures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA superb and historically rich collection, perfect for collectors of Pre-Columbian artifacts, textile history, and ancient tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eExcellent condition. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use. Light encrustations within recessed areas. Nice earthen deposits throughout. \u003cspan style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eSize of the whorls varies from approx. 1,5cm to 2,4cm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eProvenance: Dutch private collection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferences and further reading:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe thread of life: Symbolism of miniature art from Ecuador, Johannes Wilbert, Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 12 (1974): pp. 1–112. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41263423.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArte Precolombino Ecuatoriano: Las Fusaiolas o Torteras del Litoral, Funes Sánchez \u0026amp; Maria Antonieta, Published by Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo del Guayas, 1970.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinning and Weaving as Female Gender Identity in Post-Classic Mexico, Sharisse D. McCafferty and Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes: An Anthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo and Edward B. Dwyer, New York, USA: University of Texas Press, 2021, pp. 19-44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7560\/777149-005)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe World on a Whorl: Considerations on Aztec Spindle Whorl Iconography, Jesper Nielsen, PreColumbian Textile Conference VII \/ Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VII. 5., 2017 (http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/pct7\/5)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRepresentations on Pre-Columbian Spindle Whorls of the Floral and Fruit Structure of Economic Plants, Dorothy McMeekin, Economic Botany 46, no. 2 (1992), pp. 171–80. (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4255424.)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpindle whorls from the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, MH Parsons, Anthropological Papers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1972.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Distribution of Late Postclassic Spindle Whorls in the Valley of Mexico, MH Parsons, American Antiquity 40 (2), pp. 207-215, 1975.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Göta's World","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44170046177545,"sku":"1085384","price":135.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0695\/1557\/5561\/products\/b1_9ff3b38a-2fee-4b9b-a796-ced98dbb8f67.jpg?v=1676718908"}],"url":"https:\/\/gotasworld.com\/collections\/south-america.oembed?page=15","provider":"Göta's World","version":"1.0","type":"link"}