Archaic Bronze Water Basin with Mask and Loose-Ring Handles (Jian)

Late Warring States Period or Western Han Dynasty, c. 260 BC – 220 AD,
Probably from southern Shanxi or northern Henan province, China

A magnificent and substantial ancient Chinese bronze basin, known as a jian, elegantly cast with deep rounded sides, an everted rim, and a shallow ring foot. The exterior is encircled by two raised bands, interrupted at opposing sides by large looped handles—each surmounted by a stylized taotie mask from which a robust, movable ring is suspended. The fine detailing of the masks and the symmetrical balance of the bands showcase the refined metalworking skill characteristic of the late Warring States to early Western Han period.

Basins of this kind served both ritual and practical purposes, often used to hold water or ice in ceremonial contexts. When filled, the still surface of the water could also act as a reflective mirror—a function that lent the term jian its later linguistic association with the Chinese word for “mirror.” The presence of taotie, the mythical monster face motif common in ritual bronzes, reinforces the object’s symbolic importance, representing both spiritual protection and continuity with ancient Shang and Zhou traditions.

A striking and rare example of early imperial bronze craftsmanship, this jian exemplifies both aesthetic restraint and ritual significance—an outstanding centerpiece for collectors of archaic Chinese bronzes or connoisseurs of ancient ritual art.

Excellent condition. Intact. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with beautiful green, grey and russet patination and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 12,3cm x 22,7cm x 22,6cm.

Provenance: Swedish private collection.

For a similar examples see:

Bowl with painted designs, Freer Gallery of Art Collection, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Asian Art, Accession Number: F1916.239  (https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1916.239/)

Bowl, The British Museum, Accession Number: 1936,1118.58 (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1936-1118-58)

Basin with painted decoration, Freer Gallery of Art Collection, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Asian Art, Accession Number: F1968.33                            (https://asia-archive.si.edu/object/F1968.33/)