Bactrian Jasper Head from an Idol

Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), c. 2200–1700 BC, Central Asia

A captivating and finely carved idol head from the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), executed in dark brownish-red jasper. This enigmatic piece offers a rare and evocative glimpse into the spiritual and artistic practices of one of Central Asia’s most sophisticated Bronze Age civilizations.

The face is stylized yet expressive, with bold almond-shaped eyes framed by thick outlines, a delicately modelled nose, and a closed mouth conveying solemn composure. Ears are set to the sides, while the neck is broad and elongated—designed to be inserted into a larger composite figure. Such modular construction was typical of BMAC statuary, with heads, torsos, and limbs often created from different materials and assembled to create complete idol figures.

The BMAC, also known as the Oxus Civilization, flourished in the fertile regions south of the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River), encompassing parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Emerging around 2250 BC and thriving until roughly 1700 BC, it was marked by advanced agricultural systems, monumental architecture, and a remarkably refined material culture. Artifacts from this civilization include exquisitely worked bronzes, ceramics, seals, and ornamental items crafted from precious and semi-precious stones such as lapis lazuli, carnelian, and jasper.

Objects such as this idol head likely served religious or ceremonial purposes, possibly representing deities, ancestors, or idealized figures of power and protection. The stylization of the features and choice of jasper—a hard and richly colored stone—underscore the significance and prestige attached to such items.

A rare survivor from one of the ancient world's least understood yet most visually compelling cultures, this jasper idol head stands as a tangible testament to the artistic sophistication and spiritual life of the Bactrian world more than four millennia ago.

Excellent condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Surface scratches and encrusted patina. Size approx. 1,9cm x 1,3cm x 1,5cm.

Provenance: British private collection.

References and further reading:

Margus, Turkmenistan: Ancient oriental kingdom in the old delta of the Murghab river, Wiktor Sarianidi, Publisher Benatzky Druck & Medien, January 1, 2002.

Treasures from the Oxus: The Art and Civilization of Central Asia, Massimo Vidale, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.

Thinking Around Grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), in: On the Track of Uncovering a Civilisation. A volume in honor of the 80th-anniversary of Victor Sarianidi, Sandro Salvatori, 2010.