Chimú Gilt Copper Shawl Pin (Tupu) with Birds

Pre-Columbian Era, Chimú Culture, c. 800–1470 AD, Moche Valley, Trujillo, Peru

This absolutely magnificent and rare gilded copper tupu is an exceptional example of Chimú craftsmanship. The pin features three intricately designed birds, joined together to form the finial or head of the tupu. Each bird is beautifully detailed, with a long pointed beak, circular eyes, and feathered bodies and wings. The flat tails of the birds point slightly downward and connect to the beak of another bird, creating a dynamic, cohesive form. The stem of the tupu extends from the bar, gradually narrowing before terminating in a sharp point.

In Andean cultures, birds were highly valued, particularly their feathers, which were considered precious resources. The trade of parrot and macaw feathers from the Amazon Basin to the Andes flourished, allowing elite garments to be adorned with vibrant feathers. Birds frequently appear in Andean artwork, often emphasizing their supernatural qualities and showcasing the artisans' ability to capture the appearance of real birds across species.

Historically, Andean women have used tupus to secure and decorate their clothing, with evidence dating back to the early first millennium A.D.. The large pins were inserted into wrap-around dresses (acsus) at the chest to hold the garment in place, with the pointed ends facing up. Tupus were typically worn in pairs, often connected by a chain or cord. Smaller pins, known as ttipquis, were used to secure mantles (llicllas) across the back and shoulders.

This gilded copper tupu exemplifies the mastery of Chimú artisans and highlights the cultural significance of adornment and craftsmanship in Pre-Columbian Andean societies. Made from copper and intricately gilded, this pin is a stunning example of the fine craftsmanship and symbolic artistry of the Chimú culture, making it a remarkable addition to any collection of Andean artifacts.

Excellent condition. Intact. Light surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use, with green surface patina and encrusted mineral deposits. Size approx. 16,7cm x 2,0cm x 0,3cm.

Provenance: From the estate of archaeologist Ferdinand Anton (1929-2003). Operated in South and Central America during the 1960's and 70's with acquisitions during the same time. 

References and further reading:

Tupu, The Collection, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/309228)