Chinese Neolithic Period Pottery Vessel

Late Yangshao to Early Majiayao Culture, c. 4000 - 2000 BC, China

An exceptional and rare hand-built Neolithic pottery jar, displaying the elegant form and bold decoration characteristic of early Chinese ceramics. The vessel features a compressed body and flaring neck, adorned with intricate dark brown and red pigments, forming medallions with chequerboard patterns, bold zigzags, dots, and heavy concentric bands—a testament to the artistic sophistication of the period. Likely used for rituals, beer brewing, or as a burial urn, this piece represents a profound connection to the spiritual and daily life of ancient Neolithic communities.

The Neolithic period in China (c. 8000–1700 BC) marked the transition to a settled lifestyle, giving rise to diverse cultural centers along China’s river systems. The Yangshao culture (c. 5000–3000 BC), flourishing along the Yellow River basin, is often regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization. The Majiayao culture (c. 3100–2000 BC) emerged in Gansu, Qinghai, and Sichuan, producing some of the finest painted pottery of prehistoric China.

A mesmerizing relic of early human artistry, this vessel is an essential acquisition for collectors of Neolithic ceramics and ancient Chinese history.

Excellent condition. Intact. Wear commensurate with age and use. No cracks, fractures or chips. Fading to areas of pigmentation. Rich earthen deposits. Size approx. 14,5cm x 12,0cm x 12,0cm.

Provenance: Danish private collection.

References and further reading:

Form Follows Function: The Story of Chinese Neolithic Pottery, Edie Hu, Sothebys, May 18, 2022. (www.sothebys.com/en/articles/form-follows-function-the-story-of-chinese-neolithic-pottery)

The Pottery Age: An Appreciation of Neolithic Ceramics from China Circa 7000 BC - Circa 1000 BC, Ronald W. Longsdorf, CA Book Publishing, Hong Kong, 2020.

Department of Asian Art. Neolithic Period in China, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000 -. Oct. 2004 (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cneo/hd_cneo.htm)

The British Museum Book of Chinese Art, Rawson, Jessica, et al., London: British Museum Press, 1992.

"Chinese pottery", Encyclopedia Britannica, Jerome Silbergeld,  George Savage,  and Michael Sullivan, 6 Feb. 2014. (https://www.britannica.com/art/Chinese-pottery)