Early Harappan Polychrome Terracotta Bowl with Fish Motifs

The Early Harappan civilization, c. 3200-2600BC, Sindh, Pakistan.

A beautifully crafted terracotta bowl from the Early Harappan period, showcasing exceptional artistry and the symbolic use of decorative motifs. This small-sized vessel features a bulbous body with a flat, rounded foot, a low neck, and a flaring rim. The bowl’s exterior is adorned with a meticulously painted horizontal register, depicting two stylized fish alternating with panels of parallel vertical lines and geometric decorations, all rendered in light-brown pigment. The vibrant polychromatic designs remain remarkably vivid, emphasizing the Early Harappan mastery of ceramic artistry. The bowl’s interior is intentionally left undecorated, highlighting a harmonious balance between form and function.

The Harappan civilization (3300–1900 BC), also known as the Indus Valley civilization, was one of the Bronze Age’s most advanced cultures. Spanning over 1.25 million square kilometers across present-day Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Afghanistan, it was renowned for its sophisticated urban planning, monumental baked brick architecture, and extensive drainage systems.

This piece originates from the Early Harappan period (3200–2600 BC), a formative era characterized by the proliferation of settlements across regions like Sindh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. Archaeological cultures such as Amri-Nal, Kot Diji, Damb Sadat, and Sothi-Siswal emerged during this time, each contributing distinctive pottery and artistic traditions.

Fish motifs, a recurring theme in Harappan art, may have held symbolic significance, reflecting the civilization’s connection to water and fertility. Bowls like this were likely used for ritual or everyday purposes, their intricate designs testifying to the cultural and aesthetic values of the Harappan people. This rare terracotta bowl is a timeless relic of Early Harappan innovation and artistry, making it an extraordinary addition to any collection of ancient artifacts.

Excellent condition. Small chip in the rim. Age-related light wear, abrasion and corrosion. Intact. Rich deposits on exterior. Size approx. 9,0cm x 9,0cm x 6,5cm. 

Provenance: Dutch private collection

References and further reading:

The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.

Indus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Valley_Civilization/).

The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.

The Harappan Civilization, Tarini Carr, Archaeology Online.

Indus Civilization, R.K. Pruthi, Discovery Publishing House, 2004, s. 157.