Early Harappan Terracotta Cup

The Early Harappan Civilization, c. 3200–2600 BC, Sindh, Pakistan

This magnificent small-sized terracotta cup, skillfully molded with deep, slightly incurved sides, rests on a short ring foot, a hallmark of Indus Valley pottery. The vessel opens into a wide mouth with a slightly everted lip, while its exterior is elegantly adorned with horizontal bands, meticulously painted in dark brown slip using a firm brush.

The Harappan Civilization (3300–1900 BC), also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most advanced Bronze Age cultures, spanning modern-day Pakistan, northwest India, and parts of Afghanistan. Celebrated for its monumental baked brick architecture, extensive drainage systems, and intricate craftsmanship, this civilization was a flourishing center of trade, artistic innovation, and urban sophistication.

This cup originates from the Early Harappan period (3200–2600 BC), a pivotal phase marked by expanding settlements and evolving artistic traditions in regions such as Sindh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. Key archaeological cultures, including Amri-Nal, Kot Diji, Damb Sadat, and Sothi-Siswal, contributed to the distinctive pottery styles and decorative motifs of the Indus Valley Civilization.

A rare and significant artifact, this exquisite terracotta cup not only highlights the technical expertise and aesthetic sensibilities of Early Harappan artisans but also provides a tangible connection to the rituals, daily life, and cultural expressions of one of the world’s earliest and most sophisticated urban societies.

Excellent condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration partly faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 8,0cm x 8,0cm x 6,5cm. 

Provenance: British private collection

References and further reading:

The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.

Indus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Valley_Civilization/).

The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.