Egyptian Steatite Scarab

18th-19th Dynasty, New Kingdom of Egypt, Ramesside period c 1570–1185 BC

This finely carved Egyptian steatite scarab is a charming miniature example of ancient Egyptian craftsmanship, distinguished by its carefully modelled anatomy and delicately engraved underside. The upper surface depicts the sacred scarab beetle with a clearly defined head and clypeus, while fine incised lines delineate the prothorax and elytra. Pronounced humeral callosities and crisp linear details lend the tiny figure a remarkably naturalistic appearance, demonstrating the precision and skill invested in these small yet symbolically important objects.

The underside bears an engraved composition of pseudohieroglyphic signs, including a basket-shaped motif possibly representing neb, together with a possible ankh, the familiar symbol of life. To the left appears a circular sun disc, potentially representing Re (Ra), the ancient Egyptian sun god. Although the precise meaning of the composition remains uncertain, the combination of these motifs evokes themes of divine power, life, and solar regeneration that were central to Egyptian religious thought.

The scarab beetle (Scarabaeus sacer) was one of the most enduring symbols of ancient Egyptian religion, associated with rebirth, regeneration, and the perpetual cycle of existence. The Egyptians observed the beetle rolling balls of dung across the ground and connected this behaviour with the movement of the sun across the heavens. This association linked the scarab to Khepri, the divine manifestation of the rising sun, whose daily emergence symbolised creation, renewal, and the triumph of life over death.

The anatomical precision of this example, particularly the pronounced humeral callosities and carefully incised divisions of the beetle's body, is consistent with features found on New Kingdom scarabs. Such details became increasingly refined from the 18th Dynasty onwards and continued to feature in examples produced during the Ramesside period. Scarabs served a variety of purposes, functioning as personal ornaments, seals, protective amulets, and objects of religious significance. Their engraved bases could carry names, symbols, and auspicious motifs intended to invoke divine favour or protection.

Despite its diminutive dimensions, this scarab combines finely observed naturalistic carving with a thoughtfully composed engraved reverse. Its compact form and surviving surface details offer an intimate glimpse into the artistic traditions and spiritual beliefs of ancient Egypt, making it an appealing addition to a collection of Egyptian antiquities.

Good condition. Chip to the bottom left. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, with nicks and abrasion, with fading to some finer features, and light encrustations within recessed areas. Please note the small dimensions of this scarab. Size approx. 1,4cm x 1,0cm x 0,6cm. 

Provenance: From the collection of Stig Regnell. Acquired abroad and brought to Sweden during the 1960s. Previously in the collection of Mr. H. Khattab, 11 Mariette Pasha Street, Cairo.