Han Dynasty Pottery Footsoldier

Western Han Dynasty, c. 206 BC – 220 AD, Shaanxi Province, China

This magnificent pottery model of a Han Dynasty footsoldier is a rare and compelling representation of China's military and funerary traditions. Crafted from underlying grey pottery, this figure retains much of its original painted pigments, providing a glimpse into the vibrant hues that once adorned Han warriors.

The soldier is dressed in plate armor over a thigh-length tunic and light green trousers, with thickly padded collars and sleeves that would have offered additional protection against arrows and melee weapons. His stern, resolute expression is exquisitely detailed, featuring thin arched eyebrows, slender eyes, a broad nose, a finely sculpted mustache, and firmly closed red lips. He wears a pointed cap with ear flaps, securing his tightly styled hair bun, a distinct feature of Han military personnel. His clenched hands contain central holes, originally intended to hold miniature bronze weapons such as spears or swords. Adding a touch of prestige, red ribbons adorn his tunic, likely denoting rank or status within the military hierarchy.

During the Han Dynasty, such figures replaced human sacrifices, serving as mingqi—burial goods intended to protect and accompany the deceased in the afterlife. Elaborate pottery armies, such as those excavated from the Yangjiawan site in Shaanxi province, closely resemble this warrior and date to 179–141 BC, highlighting its historical significance.

This exceptional warrior is more than just an artifact—it is a tangible testament to Han-era military attire, craftsmanship, and funerary customs. A rare and significant addition to any collection of Chinese antiquities.

Good condition. Repaired arm. Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age, nicks and chip, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 24,1cm x 8,4cm x 5,9cm.

Provenance: British private collection.

For a similar examples see: 

Soldier (Tomb Figure), Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Accession Number: 2000.045.001 (https://emuseum.cornell.edu/objects/36569/soldier-tomb-figure)

Figurine of retinue-warrior, Asian Civilisations Museum, Accession Number: 1996-01495 (https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1110948)