Harappan Elongated Terracotta Cup with Bird Motifs

Harappan Civilization, c. 2600–2450 BC, Sindh, Pakistan

A magnificent hand-built terracotta cup from the Indus Valley Civilization, showcasing the refined aesthetic and symbolic artistry of one of the world’s earliest urban cultures. The vessel features a short ring foot—a hallmark of Harappan ceramics, with roots tracing back to the Nal culture—supporting an elongated body that tapers gently to a wide rim boldly accented with a thick brown band.

Set against a creamy slip, the surface is adorned with rich yellow, green, red, and brown pigments, forming a lively and sophisticated design. Most striking are the stylized chickens, rendered with striped bodies, clawed feet, and distinctly curved beaks—a rare and evocative decorative motif. These avian figures are flanked by abstract geometric and linear panels, providing visual rhythm and balance to the composition.

This piece is a testament to the Harappans’ mastery of form and surface treatment, combining function with intricate symbolic language. Vessels like this likely held both domestic and ceremonial significance, revealing the culture’s deep connection to both nature and design.

Good condition. Surface wear commensurate with age, minor chips and scratches to the body, painted decoration partly faded, with encrusted patina and rich earthen deposits throughout. Great remains of original pigment across exterior walls. Size approx. 10,3cm x 9,9cm x 10,9cm. 

Provenance: British private collection.

References and further reading:

The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Roshen Dalal, The Pioneer, Thursday, 10 May 2018.

Indus Valley Civilization, Mark, Joshua J., World History Encyclopedia, Last modified October 07, 2020 (https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Valley_Civilization/).

The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Gregory L. Possehl, AltaMira Press, 2002.