Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp

Umayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600–700 AD, Holy Land

This stunning mold-made terracotta oil lamp is a masterpiece of ancient craftsmanship from the transitional period between the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Umayyad caliphate. Its pointed oval body, accentuated by a prominent conical handle, embodies the elegance and utility of early lamp designs. The top of the lamp features a large filling hole (discus) encircled by a pronounced rim, framed by additional ridges that extend seamlessly to the nozzle and wick hole. The reverse is minimalist, adorned only by a circular base ring forming a raised nine-spoked wheel motif. Oil lamps such as this were indispensable in antiquity, used in sacred spaces like temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques, as well as in everyday households. A wick made from plant fiber or linen fabric was placed in the oil reservoir, typically filled with castor or sesame oil, to provide illumination.

Holy Land lamps often bore motifs reflecting religious or cultural themes, with their design evolving through various influences. This fine example likely originates from Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, a site where similar lamps have been recovered. Its design reflects the profound cultural changes brought by the Muslim conquest in the 7th century AD, marking a significant chapter in the region's history. A rare and exquisite artifact, this lamp is both a functional piece of ancient material culture and a profound symbol of the intersection of faith, art, and daily life in the Holy Land.

Excellent condition. Extremely well-preserved with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 9,0cm x 8,0cm x 4,0cm.

Provenance: Danish private collection. 

For a similar examples see:

Lamp, The British Museum, Accession Number: OA+.13900 (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_OA-13900)

References and further reading:

Light and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.