Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp

Umayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.

This magnificent mold-made terracotta oil lamp is a remarkable artifact from the transitional era of the Early Byzantine and Umayyad periods. The lamp showcases a rounded body and a prominent conical handle, embodying both functionality and symbolic artistry. The top of the lamp features a large filling hole (discus) bordered by a raised rim, complemented by an elegant raised eight-pointed star motif. This symbolic design reflects themes of beginnings, resurrection, and salvation, as the number eight has profound spiritual significance across cultures. For instance, it symbolizes renewal—marking the start of a new cycle after completion. In Jewish tradition, the eighth day signifies the covenant of circumcision, a sacred bond with God.

The reverse of the lamp is unadorned except for a circular base ring that forms a raised eight-spoked wheel, adding balance and symmetry to the overall design. Earthenware oil lamps such as this were indispensable in antiquity, used not only in homes but also in places of worship, including temples, synagogues, mosques, and churches. A simple wick, crafted from plant fiber or linen, was placed in the reservoir and fueled with castor or sesame oil to provide light. Frequently adorned with religious or cultural motifs, these lamps served as both practical tools and carriers of spiritual or cultural significance.

This exceptional lamp, likely originating from Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho, represents the profound shifts in material culture introduced by the Muslim conquest in the 7th century AD. Widely used during the Umayyad period, it bridges the artistic and functional heritage of the Holy Land with its rich spiritual and cultural narratives. A beautiful and historically significant piece, this oil lamp offers a tangible connection to the artistry and traditions of ancient times.

Excellent condition. Extremely well-preserved with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Small chip in the handle. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 8,0cm x 8,2cm x 4,2cm.

Provenance: Danish private collection. 

For a similar examples see:

Lamp, The British Museum, Accession Number: OA+.13900 (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_OA-13900)

References and further reading:

Light and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.