Holy Land Pottery Oil Lamp

Umayyad Empire, Early Byzantine Period, c. 600-700AD, Holy Land.

This fascinating mold-made terracotta oil lamp exemplifies the intricate artistry of the Early Islamic period. Featuring a pointed oval body, tapered shoulders, and a small conical handle, the lamp is coated with a red slip that enhances its elegant form. The top displays geometric patterns arranged in concentric circles around the filling hole (discus) in a style characteristic of the “horror vacui” aesthetic, where every space is filled with intricate detail. On the reverse, the maker’s mark is impressed, depicting a striking double palm frond motif.

Small terracotta oil lamps like this were indispensable in antiquity, used in sacred spaces such as temples, churches, synagogues, and mosques, as well as in everyday households. A simple wick, typically made of plant fiber or linen, was placed in the reservoir and fueled with castor or sesame oil to produce light. The decorative motifs on these lamps often carried religious or cultural significance, connecting the functional object to broader spiritual and artistic traditions. 

This particular style of lamp has been predominantly recovered from sites like Khirbet el-Mefjer near Ain el-Sultan, Jericho. Emerging at the beginning of the 7th century AD, they became widespread during the Umayyad Empire (c. 661–750 AD), reflecting the significant cultural and material transformations brought about by the Muslim conquest of the region. An exceptional artifact, this lamp provides a vivid link to the daily life, craftsmanship, and evolving cultural identity of the Holy Land during this pivotal historical period.

Good condition. Age-related wear and signs of use. Chip and abrasion with light deposits. Nozzle had even traces of soot. Gorgeous patina. Size approx. 9,3cm x 5,8cm x 3,0cm.

Provenance: Danish private collection. 

References and further reading:

Light and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland (Studium Biblicum S.) Stanislao Loffreda, Franciscan Printing Press, 2001.