Rare and Magnificent Manteño-Huancavilca Figural Incensario (Sahumador)

Pre-Columbian era, Manteño-Huancavilca culture, Integration Period c. 500-1531 AD,  Ecuador

This rare and sizeable figural incensario is a remarkable artifact from the Manteño-Huancavilca culture of coastal Ecuador, showcasing the advanced artistry and ceremonial practices of this enigmatic civilization. Finely hand-modeled and crafted from terracotta with a painted finish, the piece depicts a male figure, likely a chief (cacique), standing proudly in a commanding pose. 

The figure’s impressive, wide-shouldered build and erect, rigid stance exude an aura of power and authority. The facial features are particularly striking, with almond-shaped eyes that feature pierced irises, incised brows, a prominent, disproportionately large nose characteristic of Manteño art, and an archaic smile that enhances its enigmatic presence. The figure’s intricate adornments, including a tunic decorated with incised triangular motifs, a massive pectoral, bracelets, and large earspools, further underscore his elite status. The grand headdress, adorned with finely detailed bands, serves a dual purpose as a shallow platter-like container, which functioned as the incensario’s basin for burning copal incense. The base of the figure forms a pedestal, adding stability and emphasizing the statue's ceremonial significance. 

The Manteño-Huancavilca culture thrived along the Ecuadorian coast during the Integration Period, with two primary ceremonial centers: one on the mainland coast and another on Puná Island. These centers were hubs of spiritual activity, where incense burning, shamanistic rituals, and the veneration of rulers played pivotal roles. Incensarios like this one were integral to these ceremonies, symbolizing the intersection of the divine and earthly realms. This extraordinary artifact is a testament to the Manteño-Huancavilca culture’s artistic sophistication and spiritual devotion, offering a rare glimpse into the ceremonial life of one of ancient South America’s most intriguing civilizations.

Excellent condition. Age-related wear and minimal abrasion. Small chip in the pedestal, and few hairlines, otherwise intact. Traces of red slip paint. Fading to original pigmentation, light encrustations, and light earthen deposits throughout. Size approx. 25,5cm x 13,1cm x 11,2cm. 

Provenance: Finnish private collection

For a similar examples see:

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Accession Number: 1980.34.32 (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/314177)

Blackware Vessel with Flaring Rim in the Form of a Seated Figure, Arts of the Americas, Art Institute Chicago, Accession Number: 1974.6