Roman Bronze Crossbow Fibula

Later Roman Empire, c. 350 AD, Upper Danube or Pannonia Region

A magnificent and impressively crafted Late Roman bronze crossbow fibula, an iconic status symbol of the empire’s military and elite class. This large, exquisitely designed brooch features a crossbar adorned with two oblate spheres, each with a central raised point, while a third onion-shaped terminal sits proudly at the bow’s junction. The boldly channeled bow and the rectangular footplate with raised ridges display fine craftsmanship, indicative of the fibula’s prestige.

This type of crossbow fibula, used between 300–600 AD, was an essential element of Roman military and civil attire. The separately made pin, secured by a hinge with a D-shaped catchplate, demonstrates precise engineering, ensuring durability and function. More than just a practical garment fastener, fibulae were highly valued as decorative and symbolic accessories, often signifying rank and status.

Worn prominently on the shoulders of Roman officers and administrators, the crossbow fibula became a hallmark of authority, as seen in the famous relief of the 4th-century Roman general Stilicho in Mantua, where both he and his son are depicted wearing such fibulae. Some high-ranking individuals even possessed gold versions, further emphasizing their elite status.

An outstanding piece of Roman history, this bronze crossbow fibula is a testament to the power and prestige of the Late Roman Empire—a remarkable addition for collectors of Roman militaria, ancient jewelry, or historical artifacts.

Good condition. Wear consistent with age and use. Bends, surface scratches and light corrosion. Fissure at the middle of the bow. Complete with original pin. Light encrustation. Beautiful greenish red patina. Size approx. 7,1cm x 4,6cm x 2,3cm. 

Provenance: Swedish private collection

For a similar examples see:

Crossbow fibula, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 67.259.2 (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/325947)

Crossbow fibula, Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Accession Number: 1992.256.107 (https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/304550)