Thai Sawankhalok Celadon Glazed Stoneware Hen Figure

Sukhothai Kingdom, c. 1300–1400 AD, Sukhothai Province, Si Satchanalai, Thailand

This captivating stoneware figure, a zoomorphic interpretation of a hen, exemplifies the artistry and simplicity of Sawankhalok ceramics from the Sukhothai Kingdom. Crafted from sturdy clay, the figure is adorned with a pale celadon glaze featuring delicate grey and blue undertones. Its minimalist design and earthy charm reflect the skilled craftsmanship of Si Satchanalai’s famed ceramic workshops.

The Sawankhalok and Si Satchanalai kilns were among the largest ceramic-producing centers in Southeast Asia during the 14th century, flourishing alongside the Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438). These regions utilized a unique clay rich in iron, often resulting in small black, brown, red, or silvery inclusions in their pottery. While the forms were generally simple—spanning jars, bottles, kendis, bowls, and plates—each piece displayed a distinctive elegance. This hen figure likely served as a decorative or symbolic item, showcasing the region’s creative exploration of natural and animal motifs. Its celadon glaze is a testament to advanced techniques introduced to Thailand from China, where naturally occurring iron oxide in the glaze interacted with reduction firing to produce the signature soft green hue.

The Sawankhalok kilns played a significant role in international trade during the Ming dynasty's export ban (1371–1509), which halted Chinese ceramics from reaching foreign markets. Thai ceramics filled this void, with exports to Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, and even the Middle East. This figure, therefore, not only represents an artistic tradition but also reflects the dynamic trade networks and cultural exchanges of its era.

Good condition. Age-related wear. Glazing defects and firing flaws. Kiln grits. Beautiful patina. Size approx. 8,4cm x 11,5cm x 3,4cm. 

Provenance: British private collection 

References and further reading:

Thai ceramics, National Museums Scotland.

The ceramics of southeast Asia: Thei dating and identification (2nd ed.), R.M. Brown, Singapore, Singapore: Oxford Univesity Press, 1988.

Last shipments from the Thai Sawankhalok Kilns, R.M. Brown, Art from Thailand, pp. 93-103. Mumbai, Marg Publications, 1999.

A Field Guide to Glazed Thai Ceramics, Dawn F. Rooney, Asian Perspectives, Vol 28. No 2, pp. 125-144, University of Hawai'i Press, 1988-89.