Zapotec Figural Terracotta Tripod Censer

Zapotec civilization, c. 600-1350AD, Valley of Oaxaca, Mesoamerica.

An intriguing tripod terracotta censer from the Zapotec civilization, also known as the "Cloud People," who flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mesoamerica. This ceremonial piece, carefully shaped and decorated, depicts a priest or deity with an elaborate headdress, a hallmark of the distinct anthropomorphic censers produced by the Zapotecs, especially at their capital city of Monte Albán. The censer’s pierced ears were likely adorned with rings, adding to its spiritual significance and visual impact.

Monte Albán, built atop a series of plateaus at 400 meters above the valley, served as a bustling cultural, religious, and economic center of the Zapotec civilization, particularly thriving during the late Preclassic period when it reached a population of around 20,000. The Zapotecs practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping a pantheon that included gods like Cocijo, the deity of rain and lightning, and Pitao Cozobi, the corn god. Their religious practices, thought to involve human sacrifice, reveal the depth of their reverence and commitment to these powerful forces of nature.

Zapotec censers were not only tools for burning incense but also held significant symbolic meaning, often embodying human or divine figures. Censers like this one have been discovered in Monte Albán’s high-status tombs, suggesting their role as offerings to honor the deceased and perhaps guide them into the afterlife.

This beautifully crafted censer is a fascinating relic of the Zapotec civilization’s artistry, religious devotion, and reverence for nature. A unique addition to any collection, it evokes the timeless mystique and ritualistic practices of ancient Mesoamerica.

Good condition. Age-related wear and chip. Rich encrusted patina. Size approx. 21,0cm x 13,5cm x 14cm. 

Provenance: Finnish private collection